ArticleJournal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH2021
Effect of gender-affirming hormone use on coagulation profiles in transmen and transwomen.
Article in Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07145281 (Comparing the Effects of Sublingual Estradiol Treatment Versus Oral Estradiol With Cyproterone Acetate), which is not on this map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing the Effects of Sublingual Estradiol Treatment Versus Oral Estradiol With Cyproterone Acetate (CPA) Treatment on The Coagulation System in Transgender Women: A Prospective, Controlled Cohort Study
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood donor safety and selection criteria for individuals self-identifying as trans or non-binary.Vox sanguinis · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers: navigating cardiovascular health in the transgender community.Internal and emergency medicine · 2026Review
- Alterations in Body Fat and Composition Among Thai Transmasculine Individuals Undergoing Short-Term Testosterone Therapy.Transgender health · 2026Article
- Review
- Feminizing and masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy affects fibrin clot characteristics in opposite directions.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2026Article
- Estrogen as a therapeutic agent: Targeting endotheliopathy and coagulopathy in trauma.Transfusion · 2026Review
- Heart rate variability in transgender people receiving Gender-Affirming hormone therapy.Endocrine · 2026Article
- Hematologists' comfort and experiences with providing care to transgender youth.Blood vessels, thrombosis & hemostasis · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy: effects on cardiovascular risk and vascular function.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Hemostatic parameters in transgender women receiving gender-affirming hormone therapy: A shift to a cisgender female pattern?PloS one · 2025Article
- Gender-affirming hormone therapy in the transgender patient: influence on thrombotic risk.Hematology. American Society of Hematology. Education Program · 2024Review
- Transgender healthcare: metabolic outcomes and cardiovascular risk.Diabetologia · 2024Review
- Changes in Blood Lipids Following Initiation of Gender Affirming Hormone Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Article
- Approach to the Patient: Hormonal Therapy in Transgender Adults With Complex Medical Histories.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Article
- Review
- Effectiveness and Safety of Different Estradiol Regimens in Transgender Women (TREAT Study): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Thromboembolic risk with gender-affirming hormone therapy: potential role of global coagulation and fibrinolysis assays.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Review
- Cardiovascular disease and feminizing gender-affirming hormone therapy: Implications for the provision of safe and lifesaving care.Current opinion in physiology · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular Risk in Transgender People With Gender-Affirming Hormone Treatment.Circulation reports · 2023Review
- Assessing and Addressing the Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Across the Spectrum of Gender Affirming Care: A Review.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe transgender population that uses gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) is rapidly growing. The (side) effects of GAHT are largely unknown. We examined the effect of GAHT on coagulation parameters associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk.
methodsFactor (F)II, FIX, FXI, protein (p)C and free pS, fibrinogen, hematocrit, sex hormone-binding globulin, and normalized activated protein C ratio were measured in 98 transwomen (male sex at birth, female gender identity) and 100 transmen (female sex at birth, male gender identity) before and after 12 months of GAHT (oral or transdermal estradiol and anti-androgens in transwomen, transdermal or intramuscular testosterone in transmen). Mean paired differences in coagulation measurements were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Differences for route of administration and age were assessed with linear regression.
resultsAfter GAHT, transwomen had more procoagulant profiles with a mean increase in FIX: 9.6 IU/dL (95% CI 3.1-16.0) and FXI: 13.5 IU/dL (95% CI 9.5-17.5), and a decrease in pC: -7.7 IU/dL (95% CI -10.1 to -5.2). Changes in measures of coagulation were influenced by route of administration (oral vs. transdermal) and age. A higher sex-hormone binding globulin level after 12 months was associated with a lower activated protein C resistance. In transmen, changes were not procoagulant overall and were influenced by age. Differences for route of administration (transdermal vs. intramuscular) were small.
conclusionsGAHT in transmen was not associated with apparent procoagulant changes, which provides some reassurance regarding VTE risk. In transwomen, GAHT resulted in procoagulant changes, which likely contributes to the observed increased VTE risk.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.