ArticleAnnals of neurology2021
Lower Lymphocyte Count is Associated With Increased Risk of Parkinson's Disease.
Article in Annals of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Causal relationship between immune mediators and parkinson's disease: A Mendelian randomization analysis.Scientific reports · 2025Pooled it
- Profiling peripheral immune cells in Parkinson's disease: A scoping review.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- Complement dysregulation during the early phases of synucleinopathy.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- The role of the peripheral immune system in mediating axonal dysfunction in early-stage amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: An age- and sex-based analysis.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Article
- Review
- Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Correlations and Stratification.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Constipation Is Linked to Neuroinflammation in Early Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Tracing neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration: insights from a scoping review on biofluid biomarkers.Brain communications · 2026Review
- The impact of Naples prognostic score on cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients: a multicenter study.Renal failure · 2025Article
- Association of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio With Motor and Cognitive Function in Prodromal Parkinson's Disease.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Genetically Elevated Neutrophil Count Is Associated with Poor Outcome Following Ischemic Stroke: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Immunosenescence in aging and neurodegenerative diseases: evidence, key hallmarks, and therapeutic implications.Translational neurodegeneration · 2025Review
- Modified Mediterranean diet effects on Parkinson's disease (MED-PARK): a single-centre randomised controlled trial protocol.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Association between ultra-short heart rate variability and risk of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study.The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2025Article
- Causal Association Between Immune Cell Traits and Risk of Multiple Malignant and Nonmalignant CNS Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Peripheral inflammatory state in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus patients: a cross-sectional study.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Multi-omics machine learning classifier and blood transcriptomic signature of Parkinson's disease.Research square · 2025Article
- Prominent role of PM10 in the link between air pollution and incident Parkinson's Disease.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Correlation of inflammatory markers with depression and sleep disorders accompanying the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease.World journal of psychiatry · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesPatients with established Parkinson's disease (PD) display differences in peripheral blood markers of immune function, including leukocyte differential counts, compared with controls. These differences may be useful biomarkers to predict PD and may shed light on pathogenesis. We sought to identify whether peripheral immune dysregulation was associated with increased risk of subsequent PD diagnosis.
methodsWe examined the relationship between incident PD, baseline differential leukocyte count and other blood markers of acute inflammation in UK Biobank (UKB), a longitudinal cohort with ~500,000 participants. We used a range of sensitivity analyses and Mendelian randomization (MR) to further explore the nature of associations.
resultsAfter excluding individuals with comorbidities which could influence biomarkers of inflammation, 465 incident PD cases and 312,125 controls remained. Lower lymphocyte count was associated with increased risk of subsequent PD diagnosis (per 1-SD decrease in lymphocyte count odds ratio [OR] = 1.18, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.32, p
interpretationWe provide converging evidence from observational analyses in UKB and MR that lower lymphocyte count is associated with an increased risk of subsequent PD. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:803-812.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.