ArticleInternational journal of obesity (2005)2021
Sex dimorphism in inflammatory response to obesity in childhood.
Article in International journal of obesity (2005), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex-biased plasma inflammatory protein profile in obesity.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in the Impact of Obesity on Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Dietary monounsaturated fatty acids reduce nerve inflammation and improve nerve function in murine models of obesity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neuroendocrinology and the Genetics of Obesity.Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Association Between the Dietary Index for Gut Microbiota and Frailty: Mediating Role of Body Mass Index.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- Prospective Associations Between Salivary Biomarkers of Inflammation and Body Mass Index in Adolescents.Obesity science & practice · 2025Article
- A study on the relationship between the weight-adjusted waist index and kidney stone prevalence mediated by diabetes: data from NHANES 2007-2018.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Identification of new bioactive molecules in platelet preparation, storage, and transfusion reactions for improved transfusion management.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A Missing Puzzle in Preclinical Studies-Are CCR2, CCR5, and Their Ligands' Roles Similar in Obesity-Induced Hypersensitivity and Diabetic Neuropathy?-Evidence from Rodent Models and Clinical Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Increased Purinergic Signaling in Human Dental Pulps With Inflammatory Pain is Sex-Dependent.The journal of pain · 2024Article
- Effects of Physical Activity, VODiabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2024Article
- Identification of hub genes and infiltrating immune cells in skeletal muscle in obesity.Annals of translational medicine · 2022Article
- The CCR2Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2022Article
- Inverse Association Between Hypothalamic N-Acetyl Aspartate/Creatine Ratio and Indices of Body Mass in Adolescents with Obesity.The Journal of nutrition · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundChildhood overweight and obesity are a global concern, with prevalence rising dramatically over the last decades. The condition is caused by an increase in energy intake and reduction of physical activity, leading to excessive fat accumulation, followed by systemic chronic inflammation and altered function of immune cell responses. This study aimed at providing new insights regarding sex-specificity on the inflammatory response to obesity in the young patient.
designForty-three Brazilian obese adolescents (Female = 22 and Male=21, BMI (body mass index) Z-score average = 2.78 ± 0.51) and forty-nine eutrophic adolescents (Female = 24 and Male = 25, BMI Z-score average = -0.35 ± 0.88) were enrolled in the study. Anthropometrical analyses and blood cell counts were carried out. Using Luminex®xMAP™ technology, circulating serum cytokines, chemokines, and inflammatory biomarkers were analyzed. Two-way ANOVA test, Tukey's test, and Spearman's correlation coefficient were employed, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05.
resultsWe identified increased levels of serum amyloid A (SAA), platelets, and leukocytes solely in male obese patients. We found a noteworthy sex-dependent pattern in regard to inflammatory response: obese boys showed higher TNFβ, IL15, and IL2 and lower IL10 and IL13, while obese girls showed increased TNFα, CCL3, CCL4, and IP10 content in the circulation. BMI Z-score was significantly linearly correlated with neutrophils, leukocytes, platelets, SAA, TNFα, CCL3, CCL4, IP10, and IL13 levels within the entire cohort (non-sex-dependent).
conclusionsOur data support a complex relationship between adiposity, blood cell count, and circulating inflammatory cytokine content. High SAA levels suggest that this factor may play a critical role in local and systemic inflammation. In the eutrophic group, females presented a lower status of inflammation, as compared to males. Both obese boys and girls showed an increased inflammatory response in relation to eutrophic counterparts. Taken together, results point out to clear sex dimorphism in the inflammatory profile of obese adolescents.
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