Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33526674›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

Kin selection explains the evolution of cooperation in the gut microbiota.

Camille Simonet, Luke McNally

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
31citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 7% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

31 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Cooperation and the evolution of bacterial niche breadth.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
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  7. Can Unicellular Organisms Sequester a Germline? The Yeast-Germline Hypothesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  8. A phylogenetic approach to comparative genomics.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Bacterial lifestyle shapes pangenomes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  12. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Camille SimonetInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom; camille.simonet@ed.ac.uk.ORCID 0000-0003-1812-1794
Luke McNallyInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FL, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-1928-6235
University of Edinburgh · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Through the secretion of "public goods" molecules, microbes cooperatively exploit their habitat. This is known as a major driver of the functioning of microbial communities, including in human disease. Understanding why microbial species cooperate is therefore crucial to achieve successful microbial community management, such as microbiome manipulation. A leading explanation is that of Hamilton's inclusive-fitness framework. A cooperator can indirectly transmit its genes by helping the reproduction of an individual carrying similar genes. Therefore, all else being equal, as relatedness among individuals increases, so should cooperation. However, the predictive power of relatedness, particularly in microbes, is surrounded by controversy. Using phylogenetic comparative analyses across the full diversity of the human gut microbiota and six forms of cooperation, we find that relatedness is predictive of the cooperative gene content evolution in gut-microbe genomes. Hence, relatedness is predictive of cooperation over broad microbial taxonomic levels that encompass variation in other life-history and ecology details. This supports the generality of Hamilton's central insights and the relevance of relatedness as a key parameter of interest to advance microbial predictive and engineering science.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularBacteriaEcosystemGastrointestinal MicrobiomeGenetic FitnessGenome, BacterialHumansMicrobiotaPhylogenyReproductionSelection, Geneticcomparative analysiscooperationevolutionary microbiologymicrobiome

Identifiers

PMID33526674
PMCPMC8017935
OpenAlexW3127573206

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.