Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33526666›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021

The mutational load in natural populations is significantly affected by high primary rates of retroposition.

Wenyu Zhang, Chen Xie, Kristian Ullrich, Yong E Zhang, Diethard Tautz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Wenyu ZhangDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, D-24306 Plön, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2507-3033
Chen XieDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, D-24306 Plön, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6183-7301
Kristian UllrichDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, D-24306 Plön, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4308-9626
Yong E ZhangKey Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3770-2383
Diethard TautzDepartment of Evolutionary Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, D-24306 Plön, Germany; tautz@evolbio.mpg.de.ORCID 0000-0002-0460-5344

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gene retroposition is known to contribute to patterns of gene evolution and adaptations. However, possible negative effects of gene retroposition remain largely unexplored since most previous studies have focused on between-species comparisons where negatively selected copies are mostly not observed, as they are quickly lost from populations. Here, we show for natural house mouse populations that the primary rate of retroposition is orders of magnitude higher than the long-term rate. Comparisons with single-nucleotide polymorphism distribution patterns in the same populations show that most retroposition events are deleterious. Transcriptomic profiling analysis shows that new retroposed copies become easily subject to transcription and have an influence on the expression levels of their parental genes, especially when transcribed in the antisense direction. Our results imply that the impact of retroposition on the mutational load has been highly underestimated in natural populations. This has additional implications for strategies of disease allele detection in humans.

Indexed as

AnimalsDNA Copy Number VariationsGene Expression RegulationGenetics, PopulationGeographyMiceMutationPolymorphism, Single NucleotideRetroelementsRetroelementsgene retroposition rategenetic loadhouse mousenatural populationselection

Identifiers

PMID33526666
PMCPMC8017666

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.