ArticleTobacco control2021
Indicators of dependence and efforts to quit vaping and smoking among youth in Canada, England and the USA.
Article in Tobacco control, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of experimental and longitudinal studies on e-cigarette use cessation.Addictive behaviors · 2023Pooled it
- Urgent Need for Novel Investigations of Treatments to Quit E-cigarettes: Findings from a Systematic Review.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pilot randomised controlled trial of an e-cigarette and tobacco use intervention for hospitalised youth.Tobacco control · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Predictors of vaping relapse based on e-cigarette use measures: A secondary analysis of longitudinal data from the 'Stop Vaping Challenge' cessation application.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Trends in Daily Nicotine Vaping and Unsuccessful Quit Attempts in Youths.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Understanding Reasons to Quit or Reduce Vaping and Associations With Quitting Outcomes Among High School Adolescents in Connecticut.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025Article
- Patterns of substance use on a given day in a national sample of U.S. young adults.Addictive behaviors · 2025Article
- Social Media Engagement and Quit Intentions Among Youth With Exclusive E-cigarette Use: The Moderating Role of Social Norms.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Vaping-Specific Nicotine Dependence Across Days Among a National Sample of US Young Adults Who Vape.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Use of 'Elf Bar' among youth and young adults who currently vape in England: cross-sectional associations with demographics, dependence indicators and reasons for use.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Associations of Close Social Connections With Smoking and Vaping: A Population Study in England.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Comparison of Indicators of Dependence for Vaping and Smoking: Trends Between 2017 and 2022 Among Youth in Canada, England, and the United States.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2024Article
- Interest in quitting e-cigarette use by device type and smoking history in US adults.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Article
- Symptoms of nicotine dependence by e-cigarette and cigarette use behavior and brand: A population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Heterosexist Discrimination and Substance Use in Young Adult Sexual Minority Men: Examining the Moderating Role of Mindfulness.Health equity · 2024Article
- Reasons for continued usage of ENDS: Differences by device and liquid characteristics among US adults.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2024Article
- A Machine Learning Approach Reveals Distinct Predictors of Vaping Dependence for Adolescent Daily and Non-Daily Vapers in the COVID-19 Era.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Supporting Youth Vaping Cessation With the Crush the Crave Smartphone App: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe current study examined indicators of dependence among youth cigarette smokers and e-cigarette users in Canada, England and the USA, including changes between 2017 and 2019.
methodsData are from repeated cross-sectional online surveys conducted in 2017, 2018 and 2019 with national samples of youth aged 16-19 years, in Canada (n=12 018), England (n=11 362) and the USA (n=12 110). Measures included perceived addiction to cigarettes/e-cigarettes, frequency of experiencing strong urges to smoke/use an e-cigarette, plans to quit smoking/using e-cigarettes and past attempts to quit. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine differences between countries and changes over time.
resultsThe proportion of ever-users who vaped frequently was significantly higher in 2019 compared with 2017 for all outcomes in each country. Between 2017 and 2019, the proportion of past 30-day vapers reporting strong urges to vape on most days or more often increased in each country (Canada: 35.3%, adjusted OR (AOR) 1.69, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.38; England: 32.8%, AOR 1.55, 1.08 to 2.23; USA: 46.1%, AOR 1.88, 1.41 to 2.50), along with perceptions of being 'a little' or 'very addicted' to e-cigarettes (Canada: 48.3%, AOR 1.99, 1.44 to 2.75; England: 40.1%, AOR 1.44, 1.03 to 2.01; USA: 53.1%, AOR 1.99, 1.50 to 2.63). Indicators of dependence among smokers were consistently greater than e-cigarette users, although differences had narrowed by 2019, particularly in Canada and the USA.
conclusionsPrevalence of dependence symptoms among young e-cigarette users increased between 2017 and 2019, more so in Canada and the USA compared with England. Dependence symptom prevalence was lower for e-cigarettes than smoking; however, the gap has narrowed over time.
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