ArticleJournal of cannabis research2020
A single nucleotide polymorphism assay sheds light on the extent and distribution of genetic diversity, population structure and functional basis of key traits in cultivated north American cannabis.
Article in Journal of cannabis research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Population Structure of Genotypes and Genome-Wide Association Studies of Cannabinoids and Terpenes Synthesis in Hemp (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genotype and chemotype insights of high-THC medicinal Cannabis sativa L.: the role of SSR markers in the identification of cultivars.Journal of cannabis research · 2025Article
- Development and validation of a minimal SNP genotyping panel for the differentiation of Cannabis sativa cultivars.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- Population genomics of a natural Cannabis sativa L. collection from Iran identifies novel genetic loci for flowering time, morphology, sex and chemotyping.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Molecular profiling and sex determination ofPeerJ · 2025Article
- Introduction to the special issue: the two sides of hemp: medical and industrial.Journal of cannabis research · 2024Article
- Opportunities, Challenges, and Scientific Progress in Hemp Crops.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Morphometric approaches toVegetation history and archaeobotany · 2024Article
- Review
- Genetic Variants Associated with Long-Terminal Repeats Can Diagnostically ClassifyInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Multi-Omics Approaches to Study Molecular Mechanisms inPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Cannabis Seedlings Inherit Seed-Borne Bioactive and Anti-Fungal Endophytic Bacilli.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Cannabis Seeds Authentication by Chloroplast and Nuclear DNA Analysis Coupled with High-Resolution Melting Method for Quality Control Purposes.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2022Article
- Cannabis labelling is associated with genetic variation in terpene synthase genes.Nature plants · 2021Article
- Characteristics of the Diploid, Triploid, and Tetraploid Versions of a Cannabigerol-Dominant FGenes · 2021Article
- Recent advances in Cannabis sativa genomics research.The New phytologist · 2021Review
- Response of essential oil hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) growth, biomass, and cannabinoid profiles to varying fertigation rates.PloS one · 2021Article
- Article
- Potentials and Challenges of Genomics for Breeding Cannabis Cultivars.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
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Authors and funding
22 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe taxonomic classification of Cannabis genus has been delineated through three main types: sativa (tall and less branched plant with long and narrow leaves), indica (short and highly branched plant with broader leaves) and ruderalis (heirloom type with short stature, less branching and small thick leaves). While still under discussion, particularly whether the genus is polytypic or monotypic, this broad classification reflects putative geographical origins of each group and putative chemotype and pharmacologic effect.
methodsHere we describe a thorough investigation of cannabis accessions using a set of 23 highly informative and polymorphic SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) markers associated with important traits such as cannabinoid and terpenoid expression as well as fibre and resin production. The assay offers insight into cannabis population structure, phylogenetic relationship, population genetics and correlation to secondary metabolite concentrations. We demonstrate the utility of the assay for rapid, repeatable and cost-efficient genotyping of commercial and industrial cannabis accessions for use in product traceability, breeding programs, regulatory compliance and consumer education.
resultsWe identified 5 clusters in the sample set, including industrial hemp (K5) and resin hemp, which likely underwent a bottleneck to stabilize cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) accumulation (K2, Type II & III). Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) resin (Type I) makes up the other three clusters with terpinolene (K4 - colloquial "sativa" or "Narrow Leaflet Drug" (NLD), myrcene/pinene (K1) and myrcene/limonene/linalool (K3 - colloquial "indica", "Broad Leaflet Drug" (BLD), which also putatively harbour an active version of the cannabichrometic acid Synthase gene (CBCAS).
conclusionThe final chemical compositions of cannabis products have key traits related to their genetic identities. Our analyses in the context of the NCBI Cannabis sativa Annotation Release 100 allows for hypothesis testing with regards to secondary metabolite production. Genetic markers related to secondary metabolite production will be important in many sectors of the cannabis marketplace. For example, markers related to THC production will be important for adaptable and compliant large-scale seed production under the new US Domestic Hemp Production Program.
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