SynthesisBMC women's health2021
Is the use of contraceptives associated with periodontal diseases? A systematic review and meta-analyses.
Synthesis in BMC women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Oral manifestations in women using hormonal contraceptive methods: a systematic review.Clinical oral investigations · 2024Pooled it
- Drug-associated gingival disorders: a retrospective pharmacovigilance assessment using disproportionality analysis.BDJ open · 2025Article
- Treatment of periodontal disease: does drug delivery matter?Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Health Effects of Oral Contraceptives on Periodontal Disease and Gingivitis: A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Study Among Saudi Women in Jeddah.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2023Article
- On the Role of Psychoneuroimmunology in Oral Medicine.International dental journal · 2022Review
- Sexual health risk indicators and their associations with caries status and gingival health of adolescents resident in sub-urban South-West Nigeria.AAS open research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPrevious studies indicated an impact of hormonal contraceptive use on oral health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the evidence supporting the impact of the use of hormonal contraceptives and periodontal diseases.
methodsThis study is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and based on the PECO acrostic. Inclusion criteria comprised observational studies including women (P), which evaluated hormonal contraceptive users (E) and hormonal contraceptive non-users (C), to verify the association between this hormonal therapy and the periodontal diseases (O). Searches were performed on 5 databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, LILACS and grey literature (OpenGrey and Google Scholar). After the selection process, the included studies were evaluated qualitatively. Moreover, quantitative data were analyzed in two meta-analyses for clinical attachment loss (CAL) and probing depth (PD). Finally, the level of certainty was measured with the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) tool between periodontal clinical parameters.
results18 articles were eligible for the qualitative synthesis and 7 of them were selected for quantitative analysis. Hence, 15 of the eligible articles reported an association between the use of hormonal contraceptives and severity of periodontal disease. However, 6 articles demonstrated high risk of bias and were excluded from quantitative synthesis. The meta-analysis showed a statistically significant difference for CAL (MD 0.24 [0.09, 0.40]; p = 0.002), but in PD (MD 0.05 [- 0.05, 0.15]; p = 0.33) such difference was not identified. A very low level of evidence was found between the clinical parameters.
conclusionsThe use of hormonal contraceptives may be associated to severity of periodontal diseases. However, the quantitative analysis points to an inconclusive outcome due to the high level of heterogeneity. The association is biologically plausible, however additional studies are warranted to better elucidate the clinical significance of this possible association.
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