ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2021
Maturation of the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Children and Adolescents.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05907018 (Comparing Phenotypic and Autonomic Physiologic Determinants of Neurocardiogenic Syncope), which is not on this map. Cited by 75 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparing Phenotypic and Autonomic Physiologic Determinants of Neurocardiogenic Syncope
Who cites it
75 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Postoperative Opioid Consumption, Pain and Complications Following Intraoperative Autonomic Nervous System-Based Nociception Monitoring.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Pooled it
- Computational analysis of heart rate variability in ASD and ADHD: a systematic review.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Publication guidelines for human heart rate and heart rate variability studies in psychophysiology-Part 1: Physiological underpinnings and foundations of measurement.Psychophysiology · 2024Guideline
- Breastfeeding duration modifies the association between maternal weight status and offspring dietary palmitate oxidation.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2022Trial
- Autonomic and limbic system functioning, early life stress, and depressive symptoms in adolescence.Neurobiology of stress · 2026Article
- Associations Between ADHD Symptoms and Diagnosis Across the Preschool Period.Journal of attention disorders · 2026Article
- Nocturnal Autonomic Dysregulation and Admission-Window Clinical Suicide-Risk Assessment in Hospitalized Children and Adolescents.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- A Protocol to Acquire Infant Heart Rate Variability in the Rohingya Camps and Surrounding Communities in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Incidence and risk factors for intraoperative hypotension in neonates undergoing non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study.Jornal de pediatria · 2026Article
- Stress reactivity of the autonomic nervous system in youth with and without major depressive disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Short PR Interval in 1310 Children and Adolescent Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Sports medicine - open · 2026Article
- Cardiac rhythm development: A wearable device index of risk for physical and mental illness in adolescence.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Community-acquired pneumonia alters circadian regulation of cardiac electrophysiology in children.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Change in maternal harshness and home environment across early childhood as predictors of autonomic regulation in adolescence in the context of prenatal substance exposure.Child development · 2026Article
- Age-specific hemodynamic profiles during pediatric anesthesia induction: a prospective study using carotid artery auto doppler flow technology.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Article
- Associations Between Autistic Adolescents' Biological and Behavioral Characteristics and Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Functioning.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Autonomic Control of Heart Rate During Sleep Is Depressed in Young Children With Prader-Willi Syndrome.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Pediatric Electrocardiogram in Preparticipation Screening: Narrative Review of Normal Values in Key Features.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Multimodal correlates of socioemotional movie-watching and their associations with internalizing symptoms in childhood and adulthood.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2026Article
- Vital signs as biomarkers of early clinical deterioration in pediatric emergency departments: physiology, interpretation, and innovations: a narrative review.International journal of emergency medicine · 2026Review
15 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing interest in cardiac autonomic nervous activity, the normal development is not fully understood. The main aim was to determine the maturation of different cardiac sympathetic-(SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity parameters in healthy patients aged 0.5 to 20 years. A second aim was to determine potential sex differences. Methods and Results Five studies covering the 0.5- to 20-year age range provided impedance- and electrocardiography recordings from which heart rate, different PNS-parameters (eg, respiratory sinus arrhythmia) and an SNS-parameter (pre-ejection period) were collected. Age trends were computed in the mean values across 12 age-bins and in the age-specific variances. Age was associated with changes in mean and variance of all parameters. PNS-activity followed a cubic trend, with an exponential increase from infancy, a plateau phase during middle childhood, followed by a decrease to adolescence. SNS-activity showed a more linear trend, with a gradual decrease from infancy to adolescence. Boys had higher SNS-activity at ages 11 to 15 years, while PNS-activity was higher at 5 and 11 to 12 years with the plateau level reached earlier in girls. Interindividual variation was high at all ages. Variance was reasonably stable for SNS- and the log-transformed PNS-parameters. Conclusions Cardiac PNS- and SNS-activity in childhood follows different maturational trajectories. Whereas PNS-activity shows a cubic trend with a plateau phase during middle childhood, SNS-activity shows a linear decrease from 0.5 to 20 years. Despite the large samples used, clinical use of the sex-specific centile and percentile normative values is modest in view of the large individual differences, even within narrow age bands.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.