Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33525642›Full record

ArticlePharmaceutics2021

Comprehensive Study of Atorvastatin Nanostructured Lipid Carriers through Multivariate Conceptualization and Optimization.

Heba A Ghanem, Ali M Nasr, Tamer H Hassan, Mahmoud M Elkhoudary, Reem Alshaman, Abdullah Alattar, Shadeed Gad

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Relevance of topical application of minoxidil laden nano-lipid for hair growth enhancement.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025
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  9. Atorvastatin-loaded emulsomes foam as a topical antifungal formulation.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2022
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Heba A GhanemDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Al Qantarah Sharq 41636, Egypt.
Ali M NasrDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0003-1624-8054
Tamer H HassanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0002-9770-0382
Mahmoud M ElkhoudaryDepartment of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-7297-1664
Reem AlshamanDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia.
Abdullah AlattarDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 471, Saudi Arabia.
Shadeed GadDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.ORCID 0000-0001-7714-2267

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The aim of the current study is to establish a comprehensive experimental design for the screening and optimization of Atorvastatin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (AT-NLCs). Initially, combined D-optimal screening design was applied to find the most significant factors affecting AT-NLCs properties. The studied variables included mixtures of solid and liquid lipids, the solid/liquid lipid ratio, surfactant type and concentration, homogenization speed as well as sonication time. Then, the variables homogenization speed (A), the ratio of solid lipid/liquid lipid (B), and concentration of the surfactant (C) were optimized using a central composite design. Particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and entrapment efficiency were chosen as dependent responses. The optimized AT-NLCs demonstrated a nanometric size (83.80 ± 1.13 nm), Polydispersity Index (0.38 ± 0.02), surface charge (-29.65 ± 0.65 mV), and high drug incorporation (93.1 ± 0.04%). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed no chemical interaction between Atorvastatin and the lipid mixture. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis of the AT-NLCs suggested the transformation of Atorvastatin crystal into an amorphous state. Administration of the optimized AT-NLCs led to a significant reduction (

Indexed as

atorvastatincentral composite designcombined D-optimal screening designhyperlipidemianano-structured lipid carriers

Identifiers

PMID33525642
PMCPMC7911144

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.