ArticleNature2021
BNT162b vaccines protect rhesus macaques from SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Nature, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04380701 (A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults), which is not on this map. Cited by 477 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Multi-site, Phase I/II, 2-Part, Dose-Escalation Trial Investigating the Safety and Immunogenicity of Four Prophylactic SARS-CoV-2 RNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Using Different Dosing Regimens in Healthy and Immunocompromised Adults
Who cites it
477 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 731 citations in OpenAlex.
- The characteristics of white dot syndromes following COVID-19 Vaccines: a systematic review.International ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- The top 100 most cited articles on COVID-19 vaccine: a bibliometric analysis.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2023Trial
- IntegratedMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Codon Optimality Modulates Cellular Stress and Innate Immune Responses Triggered by Exogenous RNAs.Journal of molecular biology · 2026Article
- Exposure route, not dose, is the primary driver of infection patterns for a respiratory virus.Science advances · 2026Article
- Ionizable Lipid-Dependent Optimization of Steroid Lipid Nanoparticles With Tunable Immunomodulatory Properties.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Engineering tolerogenic mRNA-LNPs for allergen-specific immune reprogramming in pollen allergy.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Exploring the potential of mRNA vaccines in combatting communicable and non-communicable diseases in low-income and lower-middle-income countries.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Rethinking non-human primate models for emerging viral infections after COVID-19.Laboratory animal research · 2026Review
- A DNA-guided prokaryotic argonaute enables programmable RNA cleavage for sequencing and quality control ofMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Quantitative nanoscale imaging shows peptide-MHC I complexes are monomeric and spatially regulated in human dendritic cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Development of an mRNA vaccine against the OprF ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Microneedles for Vaccination: Mechanistic Foundations, Materials Innovation, Clinical Translation, and Global Health Implementation.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Dirty mice better recapitulate key features of mRNA vaccine immunogenicity observed in humans.mBio · 2026Article
- In vivo base editing of Asgr1 reduces blood lipids in mice.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- mRNA-based tuberculosis vaccines BNT164a1 and BNT164b1 are immunogenic, well tolerated and efficacious in rodent models.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Enhanced Intracellular Stability and Translation Efficiency of mRNA Drugs by a 2-arm mRNA Platform.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Engineered circular RNA compatible with complete nucleoside modification and rolling circle translation through a Cap-independent translation enhancer.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- A self-amplifying RNA vector based on rubella virus for mRNA therapeutics and vaccine applications.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Review
417 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
74 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities that are sufficient to immunize large populations. Here we report the preclinical development of two vaccine candidates (BNT162b1 and BNT162b2) that contain nucleoside-modified messenger RNA that encodes immunogens derived from the spike glycoprotein (S) of SARS-CoV-2, formulated in lipid nanoparticles. BNT162b1 encodes a soluble, secreted trimerized receptor-binding domain (known as the RBD-foldon). BNT162b2 encodes the full-length transmembrane S glycoprotein, locked in its prefusion conformation by the substitution of two residues with proline (S(K986P/V987P); hereafter, S(P2) (also known as P2 S)). The flexibly tethered RBDs of the RBD-foldon bind to human ACE2 with high avidity. Approximately 20% of the S(P2) trimers are in the two-RBD 'down', one-RBD 'up' state. In mice, one intramuscular dose of either candidate vaccine elicits a dose-dependent antibody response with high virus-entry inhibition titres and strong T-helper-1 CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.