ReviewInternational archives of allergy and immunology2021
Principles and Challenges in anti-COVID-19 Vaccine Development.
Review in International archives of allergy and immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Inequality in the distribution of Covid-19 vaccine: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19 vaccination efficacy in numbers including SARS-CoV-2 variants and age comparison: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative immunogenicity and safety of Gam-COVID-Vac and Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV vaccines: results of a pilot clinical study.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Nucleic acid-based vaccine platforms against the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).Archives of microbiology · 2023Review
- Encapsulation: A Strategy to Deliver Therapeutics and Bioactive Compounds?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Evaluation of Convalescent Plasma in the Management of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients (with No Detectable Neutralizing Antibodies Nab) in Kashmir, India.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenesis, Prevention, and Therapy of COVID-19: Summarizing the Results of 2021.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- How COVID-19 Affects Lung Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- How to Evaluate COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness-An Examination of Antibody Production and T-Cell Response.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nucleic Acids as Biotools at the Interface between Chemistry and Nanomedicine in the COVID-19 Era.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Debate on mandatory COVID-19 vaccination.Ethics, medicine, and public health · 2022Article
- COVIDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses to BNT162b2 vaccine in Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Vaccination Against SARS-CoV-2 in Lung Transplant Recipients: Immunogenicity, Efficacy and Safety.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Recent and advanced nano-technological strategies for COVID-19 vaccine development.Methods in microbiology · 2022Article
- Viral vector and nucleic acid vaccines against COVID-19: A narrative review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- In Silico Identification of New Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (MJournal of tropical medicine · 2022Article
- Scope of SARS-CoV-2 variants, mutations, and vaccine technologies.The Egyptian journal of internal medicine · 2022Review
- Rheumatology university faculty opinion on coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccines: the vaXurvey study from Egypt.Rheumatology international · 2021Observational
- The COVID-19 vaccine development: A pandemic paradigm.Virus research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The number of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients keeps rising in most of the European countries despite the pandemic precaution measures. The current antiviral and anti-inflammatory therapeutic approaches are only supportive, have limited efficacy, and the prevention in reducing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 virus is the best hope for public health. It is presumed that an effective vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection could mobilize the innate and adaptive immune responses and provide a protection against severe forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease. As the race for the effective and safe vaccine has begun, different strategies were introduced. To date, viral vector-based vaccines, genetic vaccines, attenuated vaccines, and protein-based vaccines are the major vaccine types tested in the clinical trials. Over 80 clinical trials have been initiated; however, only 18 vaccines have reached the clinical phase II/III or III, and 4 vaccine candidates are under consideration or have been approved for the use so far. In addition, the protective effect of the off-target vaccines, such as Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and measles vaccine, is being explored in randomized prospective clinical trials with SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. In this review, we discuss the most promising anti-COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials and different vaccination strategies in order to provide more clarity into the ongoing clinical trials.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.