ArticleScience advances2021
Development of optically controlled "living electrodes" with long-projecting axon tracts for a synaptic brain-machine interface.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optogenetic-enabled biomanufacturing of long-projecting motor tracts for neural reconstruction.Biofabrication · 2026Article
- Modular Tissue-Engineered Motor Units Featuring Spinal Motor Neurons Innervating Self-Assembled Myofiber Bundles.Macromolecular bioscience · 2026Article
- Integrating living biomaterials into neuroelectronic systems.Biomedical engineering letters · 2026Review
- Emerging Therapeutic Strategies in Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Enhancing Neurogenesis and Functional Recovery.MedComm · 2025Review
- Foreign Body Reaction to Neural Implants: A Comparative Study of Polymer Toxicity and Tissue Response.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Capturing the Electrical Activity of all Cortical Neurons: Are Solutions Within Reach?Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Advancing biohybrid robotics: Innovations in contraction models, control techniques, and applications.Biophysics reviews · 2025Review
- Bio-inspired electronics: Soft, biohybrid, and "living" neural interfaces.Nature communications · 2025Review
- The Future of Biohybrid Regenerative Bioelectronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Review
- In vivo dynamic tracking of cerebral chloride regulation using molecularly tailored liquid/liquid interfacial ultramicro iontronics.Science advances · 2024Article
- Enhancing biocompatibility of the brain-machine interface: A review.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Organic Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors for Bioelectronic Sensors: Materials and Operation Mechanisms.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Biomaterial strategies for regulating the neuroinflammatory response.Materials advances · 2024Review
- Generation of contractile forces by three-dimensional bundled axonal tracts in micro-tissue engineered neural networks.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Decreasing the physical gap in the neural-electrode interface and related concepts to improve cochlear implant performance.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Biohybrid neural interfaces: improving the biological integration of neural implants.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2023Review
- Internet-Connected Cortical Organoids for Project-Based Stem Cell and Neuroscience Education.eNeuro · 2023Article
- Network Bursts in 3D Neuron Clusters Cultured on Microcontact-Printed Substrates.Micromachines · 2023Article
- Toward the Next Generation of Neural Iontronic Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Internet-connected cortical organoids for project-based stem cell and neuroscience education.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
For implantable neural interfaces, functional/clinical outcomes are challenged by limitations in specificity and stability of inorganic microelectrodes. A biological intermediary between microelectrical devices and the brain may improve specificity and longevity through (i) natural synaptic integration with deep neural circuitry, (ii) accessibility on the brain surface, and (iii) optogenetic manipulation for targeted, light-based readout/control. Accordingly, we have developed implantable "living electrodes," living cortical neurons, and axonal tracts protected within soft hydrogel cylinders, for optobiological monitoring/modulation of brain activity. Here, we demonstrate fabrication, rapid axonal outgrowth, reproducible cytoarchitecture, and simultaneous optical stimulation and recording of these tissue engineered constructs in vitro. We also present their transplantation, survival, integration, and optical recording in rat cortex as an in vivo proof of concept for this neural interface paradigm. The creation and characterization of these functional, optically controllable living electrodes are critical steps in developing a new class of optobiological tools for neural interfacing.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.