ArticleScience advances2021
Visual number sense in untrained deep neural networks.
Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- The speed limit of visual perception: Bidirectional influence of image memorability and processing speed on perceived duration and recognition.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Neural Tuning for Ordinal Processing: Convergent Patterns in Human Brains and Artificial Networks.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2026Article
- Numerosity adaptation suppresses early visual responses.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Bayesian estimation yields anti-Weber variability.PNAS nexus · 2025Article
- Personalized deep neural networks reveal mechanisms of math learning disabilities in children.Science advances · 2025Article
- Machine Learning Techniques for Simulating Human Psychophysical Testing of Low-Resolution Phosphene Face Images in Artificial Vision.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Symbolic numerical generalization through representational alignment.CogSci ... Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. Cognitive Science Society (U.S.). Conference · 2025Article
- Digital twins for understanding mechanisms of learning disabilities: Personalized deep neural networks reveal impact of neuronal hyperexcitability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A number sense as an emergent property of the manipulating brain.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Emergence of Emotion Selectivity in Deep Neural Networks Trained to Recognize Visual Objects.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Emergence of Emotion Selectivity in Deep Neural Networks Trained to Recognize Visual Objects.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Disparate processing of numerosity and associated continuous magnitudes in rats.Science advances · 2024Article
- Spontaneous emergence of rudimentary music detectors in deep neural networks.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Emergence of number sense through the integration of multimodal information: developmental learning insights from neural network models.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Numerical discrimination in Drosophila melanogaster.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Learning-induced reorganization of number neurons and emergence of numerical representations in a biologically inspired neural network.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A connectome-based neuromarker of nonverbal number acuity and arithmetic skills.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2023Article
- Quantum spin models for numerosity perception.PloS one · 2023Article
- Assessing the ecological validity of numerosity-selective neuronal populations with real-world natural scenes.iScience · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Number sense, the ability to estimate numerosity, is observed in naïve animals, but how this cognitive function emerges in the brain remains unclear. Here, using an artificial deep neural network that models the ventral visual stream of the brain, we show that number-selective neurons can arise spontaneously, even in the complete absence of learning. We also show that the responses of these neurons can induce the abstract number sense, the ability to discriminate numerosity independent of low-level visual cues. We found number tuning in a randomly initialized network originating from a combination of monotonically decreasing and increasing neuronal activities, which emerges spontaneously from the statistical properties of bottom-up projections. We confirmed that the responses of these number-selective neurons show the single- and multineuron characteristics observed in the brain and enable the network to perform number comparison tasks. These findings provide insight into the origin of innate cognitive functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.