Observational studyGraefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie2021
Retinal capillary involvement in early post-COVID-19 patients: a healthy controlled study.
Observational study in Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinal microvascular impairment in COVID-19 patients: A meta-analysis.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Pooled it
- COVID-19-Related Retinal Micro-vasculopathy - A Review of Current Evidence.American journal of ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of optic nerve head and macular perfusion changes before and after the development of COVID-19.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Long-term retinal dysfunction following COVID-19 infection: a one-year prospective observational study.BMC ophthalmology · 2026Observational
- Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Findings in Post-COVID-19 Healthcare Workers.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- Non-Hospitalized Long COVID Patients Exhibit Reduced Retinal Capillary Perfusion: A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of imaging · 2025Article
- COVID-19's effects on microvascular structure in a healthy retina: an OCTA study.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Optic nerve head alterations after COVID-19: an optical coherence tomography angiography-based longitudinal study.The Journal of international medical research · 2024Observational
- Research progress of post-acute sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection.Cell death & disease · 2024Review
- Retinal Microvasculature Image Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.Journal of imaging · 2023Article
- Tomographic Findings in the Retina of Unvaccinated Patients with COVID Pneumonia: Prospective Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- The impact of acute COVID-19 on the retinal microvasculature assessed with multimodal imaging.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Article
- Extracardiac Prothrombotic Effects of COVID-19.Heart failure clinics · 2023Review
- Retinal tissue and microvasculature loss in COVID-19 infection.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Analysis of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) Parameters in Young Adults after SARS-CoV-2 Infection (COVID-19) Compared with Healthy Young Controls.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Artificial Intelligence for Evaluation of Retinal Vasculopathy in Facioscapulohumeral Dystrophy Using OCT Angiography: A Case Series.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Comparison of Retinal Microvascular Findings in Acute COVID-19 and 1-Year after Hospital Discharge Assessed with Multimodal Imaging-A Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Parameters of the Retina in SARS-CoV-2 Recovered Subjects.Cureus · 2023Article
- Pathophysiology and mechanism of long COVID: a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine · 2022Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSystemic vascular involvement in COVID-19 has been identified in several patients: not only endothelial derangement and increased permeability are reported to be early hallmarks of organ damage in patients with COVID-19 but are also the most important cause of worsening of clinical conditions in severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. There are several reasons to hypothesize that the eye, and the retina in particular, could be a target of organ damage in SARS-CoV-2 infection.
methodsThis cohort observational study analyzes OCT angiography and structural OCT of 70 post-COVID-19 patients evaluated at 1-month hospital discharge and 22 healthy control subjects. Primary outcomes were macular vessel density (VD) and vessel perfusion (VP); structural OCT features were evaluated as secondary outcomes. In addition, patients and healthy volunteers were evaluated for best corrected visual acuity, slit lamp photograph, and fundus photo image.
resultsVD and VP in 3 × 3 and 6 × 6 mm scans for SCP and DCP showed no significant differences between the groups. Similarly, CMT and GCL did not reveal significant differences between post-COVID-19 and healthy patients. Nine patients (12.9%) featured retinal cotton wool spots and 10 patients had vitreous fibrillary degeneration. The prevalence of epiretinal membrane and macular hole was similar in the two groups. One case of extra papillary focal retinal hemorrhage was reported in the post-COVID-19 group.
conclusionsMacula and perimacular vessel density and perfusion resulted unaltered in mild post-COVID-19 patients at 1-month hospital discharge, suggesting no or minimal retinal vascular involvement by SARS-CoV-2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.