ReviewJournal of midwifery & women's health2021
Influenza and Influenza Vaccine: A Review.
Review in Journal of midwifery & women's health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Bidirectional associations between influenza and COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of pharmacists regarding vaccinations against influenza and pneumococci - a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Pooled it
- Head-to-head comparison of influenza vaccines in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Safety and heterogeneity of mRNA-based seasonal Influenza vaccines: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of Saudi medicinePooled it
- Myeloid TLR2 signaling amplifies immunopathology in influenza-infected murine neonates.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Proteomic analyses of seasonal human respiratory viruses unravel changes related to antiviral, inflammatory, and cell death pathways.iScience · 2026Article
- Baloxavir marboxil versus oseltamivir for influenza A in children aged 5 years and older: a community-based prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Observational
- SPCE-Based Electrochemical Immunosensor for Influenza A (H1) Detection in Serum and Nasopharyngeal Samples.Biosensors · 2026Article
- A Human Mobility-Based Modeling Study of Influenza Vaccination Strategies Across Socioeconomically Disparate Regions in China.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Animal Models for Swine Influenza Virus Research: Pathology, Viral Dynamics, and Immune Responses.Viruses · 2026Review
- Impacts of delayed influenza vaccination on clinical outcomes in ICU-admitted patients with influenza: A retrospective cohort study.Virus research · 2026Article
- The effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on influenza throughout the COVID-19 pandemic: an 8-year interrupted time series study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A study on the climate-driven spatiotemporal dynamics of influenza in Lanzhou spanning the COVID-19 era.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Comparative progress on the mechanisms of airway mucosal injury induced by different pathogens: SARS-CoV-2, influenza A virus, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- The impact of biologically relevant negative samples on machine learning-based B-cell epitope prediction for Influenza A.Bioinformatics advances · 2026Article
- Development and application of a VNAR-based detection nanobody for avian influenza virus H9N2.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Incorporating meteorological factors into a SARIMA model for predicting pediatric influenza epidemics.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Three-stage interpretability analysis of influenza virus and meteorological correlation in Jiuquan City, 2016-2025: SARIMAX + TreeSHAP.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity in seasonal influenza vaccination opportunity and disease risk during pregnancy and in infants <6 months.Vaccine · 2025Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Influenza is a highly contagious, deadly virus, killing nearly half a million people yearly worldwide. The classic symptoms of influenza are fever, fatigue, cough, and body aches. In the outpatient setting, diagnosis can be made by clinical presentation with optional confirmatory diagnostic testing. Antiviral medications should be initiated as soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours of initiation of symptoms. The primary preventive measure against influenza is vaccination, which is recommended for all people 6 months of age or older, including pregnant and postpartum women, unless the individual has a contraindication. Vaccination should occur at the beginning of flu season, which typically begins in October. It takes approximately 14 days after vaccination for a healthy adult to reach peak antibody protection. There are challenges associated with vaccine composition and vaccine uptake. It takes approximately 6 to 8 months to identify and predict which influenza strains to include in the upcoming season's vaccine. During this time, the influenza virus may undergo antigenic drift, that is, mutating to avoid a host immune response. Antigenic drift makes the vaccine less effective in some seasons. The influenza virus occasionally undergoes antigenic shift, in which it changes to a novel virus, creating potential for a pandemic. There are also barriers to vaccine uptake, including lack of or limited access to care and misconceptions about receiving the vaccine. Interventions that improve access to and uptake of the influenza vaccine must be initiated, targeting multiple levels, including health care policy, patients, health care systems, and the health care team. This article reviews information about influenza identification, management, and prevention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.