ArticleESC heart failure2021
Iron deficiency impacts prognosis but less exercise capacity in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Heart failure and preserved ejection fraction: pathophysiology, clinical assessment, and management of exercise intolerance.European heart journal · 2026Review
- A single dose of i.v. iron induces cardiac ferroptosis in murine cardiometabolic heart failure.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Quantifying skeletal muscle energy metabolism during exercise in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction using in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Immuno-haemostatic dysregulation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.ESC heart failure · 2025Article
- Microvascular dysfunction across organs in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: the PROSE-HFpEF case-control study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Article
- Temporal prevalence and prognostic impact of diabetes mellitus and albuminuria in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Observational
- Thyroid dysfunction in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis.ARYA atherosclerosis · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Adverse Outcomes of Iron Deficiency in Heart Failure.Current cardiology reviews · 2025Article
- Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2024Review
- Retinal Vascular Changes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction UsingJournal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Advance in the pharmacological and comorbidities management of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: evidence from clinical trials.Heart failure reviews · 2024Review
- Relationship between serum iron level and physical function in heart failure patients is lost by presence of diabetes.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- Anemia and Iron Deficiency Predict All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: 6-Year Follow-Up Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A year in heart failure: updates of clinical and preclinical findings.ESC heart failure · 2023Review
- Advances in extracardiac mechanisms for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciences · 2022Article
- Heart failure: an update from the last years and a look at the near future.ESC heart failure · 2022Review
- Why Iron Deficiency in Acute Heart Failure Should Be Treated: A Real-World Clinical Practice Study.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Exercise testing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: an appraisal through diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapy - A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association and European Association of Preventive Cardiology of the European Society of Cardiology.European journal of heart failure · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
aimsWhether and how iron deficiency (ID) impacts patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of ID on functional status, exercise capacity, and prognosis in HFpEF. METHODS AND
resultsThe study population consisted of 300 HFpEF patients. ID was defined as serum ferritin <100 μg/L or 100-300 μg/L and transferrin-saturation <20%. Baseline functional status, quality of life (HADS score and EQ 5D index), 6 min walking test, echocardiography, and outcome (all-cause mortality and combined all cause-mortality and HF hospitalization) were evaluated. ID was found in 159 (53%) patients. Patients with ID had a worse prognosis with a higher combined endpoint of all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization after 4 years of follow-up (log rank = 0.008). Pulmonary hypertension, depression, and thyroid disease were more prevalent in the ID group. Multivariable analysis showed that ID was independently associated with body mass index (P = 0.003), pulmonary hypertension (P = 0.008), and thyroid disease (P = 0.01). Although patients with ID had a lower exercise capacity compared with patients without ID (393 m [294-455] vs. 344 m [260-441], P = 0.008), there was no significant correlation after multivariable correction for age, BMI, NT-proBNP, DM, and depression.
conclusionsHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction patients with ID have a worse prognosis and impaired exercise capacity compared with those without ID. However, although a trend was observed, after multivariable correction ID was no longer significantly associated with a reduced exercise capacity. This reflects that impaired exercise capacity in HFpEF is complex and seems multifactorial. Interestingly, pulmonary hypertension was an independent predictor of both ID and exercise capacity.
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