ArticleCell reports. Medicine2021
Stronger induction of trained immunity by mucosal BCG or MTBVAC vaccination compared to standard intradermal vaccination.
Article in Cell reports. Medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Research Advances for Virus-vectored Tuberculosis Vaccines and Latest Findings on Tuberculosis Vaccine Development.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- The H3K27me3-NR1D1-IFN-γ axis in trained macrophages induced by early respiratory virus infection drives non-T2 asthma in children.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Host-pathogen interactions in tuberculosis: from immunological mechanisms to translational applications.Cell insight · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis: Interplay Between Host Antituberculosis Immunity and Immune Evasion Strategies ofMedComm · 2026Review
- Mucosal BCG Vaccination and Immune Layering: Route-Dependent Programming of Immunity at the Respiratory Interface.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The study of immunological markers in tuberculosis across animal models and its translation to human research.Lab animal · 2026Review
- Review
- Trained Immunity Induced by Vaccines: A Shifting Paradigm for Infant and Adult Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- HowVaccines · 2026Review
- Immunological mechanistic action of intravenous BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Review
- How to Employ Trained Immunity and Trained Immunity-Based Vaccines to Inhibit Allergic Inflammation.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Improved immune responses and tuberculosis protection by aerosol vaccination with recombinant BCG expressing ESX-1 from Mycobacterium marinum.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Prior Exposure of Airway Epithelial Cells to Mycobacteria Reduces Subsequent <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</italic> Infection and Resulting Inflammation.Journal of innate immunity · 2026Article
- Trained immunity using probiotics and inactivated pathogens enhances resistance to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection by activating the cGAS-STING signal pathway in mice and chickens.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
- Review
- Pleiotropic Mucosal Innate Immune Memory in the Gastrointestinal Tract.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The long reach of influenza and other respiratory viruses: from acute epithelial injury to post-viral lung disease.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Immunization with Complete Freund's Adjuvant Reveals Trained Immunity-like Features in A/J Mice.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Heparin-Binding Hemagglutinin-Induced Trained Immunity in Macrophages: Implications for Antimycobacterial Defense.Biomolecules · 2025Article
- Deconvoluting the interplay of innate and adaptive immunity in BCG-induced nonspecific and TB-specific host resistance.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BCG vaccination can strengthen protection against pathogens through the induction of epigenetic and metabolic reprogramming of innate immune cells, a process called trained immunity. We and others recently demonstrated that mucosal or intravenous BCG better protects rhesus macaques from
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.