ArticleBrain, behavior, & immunity - health2021
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis related to SARS-CoV-2 infection: Case-report and review of the literature.
Article in Brain, behavior, & immunity - health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Molecular Imaging Findings on Acute and Long-Term Effects of COVID-19 on the Brain: A Systematic Review.Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of COVID-19-associated encephalitis: A systematic review of case reports and case series.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2022Pooled it
- Immune-mediated neurological syndrome in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of literature on autoimmune encephalitis in COVID-19.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in patients with COVID-19-associated central nervous system manifestations: a systematic review.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2022Pooled it
- Beyond correlation and causation: epistemic caution, anomalous findings, and COVID-19 vaccine safety.Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM · 2026Review
- A case of suspected autoimmune encephalopathy with involuntary movements and cognitive dysfunction post-COVID-19.PCN reports : psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2024Article
- Recurrent COVID-19-related psychotic disorder with neuro-immuno-endocrine dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism: A case report from China.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Molecular mimicry and autoimmunity in the time of COVID-19.Journal of autoimmunity · 2023Review
- Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain: Clinical Consequences and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- COVID-19-associated AMPA-R and CRMP-5 autoimmune encephalitis in a patient with thymoma and myasthenia gravis.Clinical case reports · 2023Article
- The MOG antibody associated encephalitis preceded by COVID-19 infection; a case study and systematic review of the literature.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- AI-CoV Study: Autoimmune Encephalitis Associated With COVID-19 and Its Vaccines-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Parkinsonism with akinetic mutism following osmotic demyelination syndrome in a SARS-CoV-2 infected elderly diabetic woman: A case report.Neurologia · 2022Article
- Nervous system manifestations related to COVID-19 and their possible mechanisms.Brain research bulletin · 2022Review
- [Manifestations of the central nervous system after COVID-19].Der Nervenarzt · 2022Review
- Molecular imaging as a tool for evaluation of COVID-19 sequelae - A review of literature.World journal of radiology · 2022Review
- Ependymal restricted diffusion and injury to the olfactory system on a ventriculoencephalitis associated with COVID-19.Journal of neurovirology · 2022Article
- A case of limbic encephalitis associated with severely COVID-19 infection.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Article
- Ictogenesis of viral pneumonia: A comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and H1N1/H3N2.Epilepsy & behavior : E&B · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a wide spectrum of neurological complications, including encephalitis. Most cases showed features consistent with a central nervous system (CNS) cytokine-mediated damage. However, few cases arguing for an autoimmune mechanism have been described, mainly as single reports or sparse in large case series involving other CNS manifestations. In this paper, we described a case of definite autoimmune limbic encephalitis (LE) COVID-19 related and reviewed the existing literature on other reported cases. CASE REPORT: Two weeks after the onset of COVID-19 infection, a 74-year-old woman presented with subacute confusion and focal motor seizures with impaired awareness, starting from left temporal region. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed hyperproteinorrachia. Brain MRI showed bilateral T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in both hippocampi and total body PET/TC scan revealed hypermetabolism in basal ganglia bilaterally. A diagnosis of autoimmune LE was made. Thus, high dose corticosteroids and antiseizure medications were started, with a marked improvement of neurological conditions. LITERATURE REVIEW: We systematically reviewed the literature to identify all well-documented cases of definite autoimmune LE (according to Graus criteria) in patients with COVID-19 infection, identifying other five cases exhibiting a good response to immunomodulating therapy.
conclusionA very limited number of autoimmune LE have been described until now. It is important to monitor neurological symptoms in COVID-19 patients and to consider the possibility of an autoimmune LE, in particular when altered mental status and seizures appear late in the disease course. This allows to promptly start the appropriate treatments and avoid unnecessary delays.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.