ArticleBMJ nutrition, prevention & health2020
Association between plant-based diets and blood pressure in the INTERMAP study.
Article in BMJ nutrition, prevention & health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00005271 (INTERMAP), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
INTERMAP: International Population Study on Macronutrients and BP
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Built environment and the evolution of cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Similar changes in diet quality indices, but not nutrients, among African American participants randomized to follow one of the three dietary patterns of the US Dietary Guidelines: A secondary analysis.Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Trial
- Associations between dietary patterns and cardiovascular, kidney and metabolic risk markers in the Cooperative Health Research in South Tyrol study.European journal of nutrition · 2026Article
- Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Its Public Health Implications for Hypertension Among Peruvian Aged 15 Years and Older: Evidence from the 2022-2023 Demographic and Health Survey.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trajectories of plant-based dietary patterns and their sex-specific associations with cardiometabolic health among young Australian adults.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Article
- Adherence to dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean diet, and plant-based dietary pattern with systolic and diastolic blood pressure: A cross-sectional analysis.Caspian journal of internal medicine · 2025Article
- Nutrient intake of young South African adults from the baseline of the African-PREDICT cohort study.Public health nutrition · 2024Article
- A Qualitative Study of Rural Plant-Based Eaters' Knowledge and Practices for Nutritional Adequacy.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Diet to Stop Hypertension: Should Fats be Included?Current hypertension reports · 2024Review
- Plant-Based Nutrition: Exploring Health Benefits for Atherosclerosis, Chronic Diseases, and Metabolic Syndrome-A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2023Review
- The dietary patterns derived by reduced-rank regression in association with Framingham risk score and lower DASH score in Hoveyzeh cohort study.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Plant-based diets and risk of frailty in community-dwelling older adults: the Seniors-ENRICA-1 cohort.GeroScience · 2023Article
- Scoping review of the association of plant-based diet quality with health outcomes.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Healthy and unhealthy plant-based diets in relation to the incidence of colorectal cancer overall and by molecular subtypes.Clinical and translational medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlant-based diets are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases; however, little is known how the healthiness of the diet may be associated with blood pressure (BP). We aimed to modify three plant -based diet indices: overall plant-based diet index (PDI), healthy PDI (hPDI), and unhealthy PDI (uPDI) according to country-specific dietary guidelines to enable use across populations with diverse dietary patterns - and assessed their associations with BP.
designWe used cross-sectional data including 4,680 men and women ages 40-59y in Japan, China, the United Kingdom, and the United States from the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure (INTERMAP). During four visits, eight BP measurements, and four 24-h dietary recalls were collected. Multivariable regression coefficients were estimated, pooled, weighted, and adjusted extensively for lifestyle/dietary confounders.
resultsModified PDI was not associated with BP. Consumption of hPDI higher by 1SD was inversely associated with systolic (-0.82 mm Hg;95% CI:-1.32,-0.49) and diastolic BP (-0.49 mm Hg; 95% CI:-0.91, -0.28). In contrast, consumption of an uPDI was directly associated with systolic (0.77 mm Hg;95% CI:0.30,1.20). Significant associations between hPDI with BP were attenuated with separate adjustment for vegetables and whole grains; associations between uPDI and BP were attenuated after adjustment for refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and meat.
conclusionAn hPDI is associated with lower BP while a uPDI is adversely related to BP. Plant-based diets rich in vegetables and whole grains and limited in refined grains, sugar-sweetened beverages, and total meat may contribute to these associations. In addition to current guidelines, the nutritional quality of consumed plant foods is as important as limiting animal-based components. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The observational INTERMAP study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005271.
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