ArticleCureus2020
Impact of Protein Energy Malnutrition on Outcomes of Adults With Viral Pneumonia: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis.
Article in Cureus, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunorestorative effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri LR6 in protein-energy malnourished mice under pathogen and allergen challenge.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of Undernutrition and Obesity on Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Community-Acquired Pneumonia.Nutrients · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Viral organisms have been identified as the causal pathogen in approximately 20% of CAP. Nutritional status plays an important role in the response to pneumonia. This study aims to identify whether protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is an independent risk factor for mortality and morbidity in viral CAP. Materials and methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving adult hospitalizations for viral CAP in the United States using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. This cohort was further divided based on the presence or absence of a secondary discharge diagnosis of PEM. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes included the rate of mechanical ventilation among other complications. Results The in-hospital mortality for viral CAP was 2.22%. Patients with PEM had over two-fold high adjusted odds of inpatient mortality (aOR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.746-3.351, p < 0.001) compared with patients without PEM. Patients with PEM had higher adjusted odds of having septic shock (aOR: 3.34, 95% CI: 2.158-5.160, p < 0.001). NSTEMI (aOR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.163-2.621, p = 0.007), need for mechanical ventilation (aOR: 3.13, 95% CI: 2.448-4.006, p < 0.001), CVA (aOR: 3.49, 95% CI: 1.687-7.220, p = 0.001), DVT (aOR: 2.19, 95% CI: 1.453-3.295, p < 0.001), and PE (aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.152-4.357, p = 0.017) relative to patients without PEM. Conclusion In conclusion, coexisting PEM is associated with a higher rate of in-hospital morbidity and mortality in patients with viral CAP. Early identification and treatment of nutritional deficiencies can lead to improved outcomes and reduced costs.
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Registered trials
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