ArticleJournal of ophthalmology2020
Botulinum Toxin Injection with Conjunctival Microincision for the Treatment of Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia and Its Effectiveness.
Article in Journal of ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative efficacy of botulinum toxin and surgical treatment for acute acquired concomitant esotropia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors and predictors for botulinum toxin type A reinjection within six months in patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026Article
- Botulinum toxin for acute acquired comitant esotropia: clinical outcomes and predictors.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Acute-onset Concomitant Esotropia in Children: A Comparison of Clinical Features and Treatment Outcomes.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Article
- An Update on the Effects and Complications of BoNT-A in the Management of Third, Fourth, and Sixth Nerve Palsies: A Narrative Review.Journal of ophthalmic & vision research · 2025Article
- Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute acquired comitant esotropia.International ophthalmology · 2024Review
- Botulinum toxin type A in treating early-stage patients with small-angle acute acquired comitant esotropia.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Botulinum Toxin Injection versus Extraocular Muscle Surgery for Acute Acquired Comitant Esotropia.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- The efficacy of botulinum toxin type A treatment and surgery for acute acquired comitant esotropia.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Dependence of the heating effect on tissue absorption coefficient during corneal reshaping using different UV lasers: A numerical study.Physical and engineering sciences in medicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo report on an improved botulinum toxin injection with conjunctival microincision for beginners, and to determine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) in the treatment of patients with acute acquired comitant esotropia (AACE).
methodsMedical records of 29 AACE patients were retrospectively analyzed. BTXA was injected into the unilateral or bilateral medial rectus muscle with conjunctival microincision without electromyographic guidance. Success was defined as total horizontal deviation ≤10 prism diopters (PD) and evidence of binocular vision.
resultsTwenty-nine patients were included, of whom 22 were male and 7 were female. The mean age at onset was 14.2 ± 7.4 (range, 4-34) years. The mean time from onset of AACE to injection was 18.4 ± 20.3 (range, 1-96) weeks. All patients completed at least 6 months of follow-up, and the mean follow-up after BTXA injection was 12.3 ± 4.8 months (range, 7-24 months). Neurological evaluation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were unremarkable in all patients. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was -1.22 ± 2.85D and -0.97 ± 2.80D in the right and left eyes, respectively. Mean preinjective esotropia was 38.4 ± 18.9 PD (range, +10-+80 PD) at near and 40.2 ± 17.7 PD (range, +20-+80 PD) at far distance. The mean angle of deviation at 6 months after injection was 0.6 ± 4.1 PD (range, -3-+15 PD) at near and 3.0 ± 5.9 PD (range, 0-+20 PD) at far distance. There was significant difference in the angle of deviation at near and far fixation between pre-BTXA and post-BTXA 6 months (
conclusionConjunctival microincision injection of botulinum toxin is a practical and safe method for beginners to locate an extraocular muscle, which is as effective as the traditional methods. Botulinum toxin injection can be preferred as the first-line treatment for AACE patients with potential binocular vision.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.