ReviewFrontiers in physiology2020
Links Between Testosterone, Oestrogen, and the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis and Resistance Exercise Muscle Adaptations.
Review in Frontiers in physiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05879575 (Effects and Pathophysiology of Weight Training on Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 69 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects and Pathophysiology of Weight Training on Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain (PPGP)
Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Precision medicine exploration of postpartum rectus abdominis muscle separation: from basic research to clinical practice.BMC surgery · 2025Pooled it
- The effects of plyometric training on physical fitness and skill-related performance in female basketball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Trial
- Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis Rates Do not Differ With Low and High Estradiol Concentrations Across the Menstrual Cycle.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Trial
- Effects of testosterone and vitamin D on fall risk in pre-frail hypogonadal men: a factorial design RCT.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2024Trial
- Pharmacological hypogonadism impairs molecular transducers of exercise-induced muscle growth in humans.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2022Trial
- Shatavari Supplementation in Postmenopausal Women Improves Handgrip Strength and IncreasesNutrients · 2021Trial
- Effects of a blood flow restriction exercise under different pressures on testosterone, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor levels.The Journal of international medical research · 2021Trial
- Influence of Maturity Status and Gender on Body Composition and Physical Fitness Adaptations to a Mobile-App-Based Physical Activity Intervention in Adolescents.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Nanotechnological Strategies to Promote Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Testosterone status and bone mineral density in Finnish male endurance athletes: Baseline associations and 1-year follow-up.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Sarcopenia in cognitive disorders: Toward a shared pathophysiological framework.Osteoporosis and sarcopenia · 2026Review
- Review
- Insulin-like growth factor 2 as a central regulator of growth and metabolic efficiency in livestock: Genetic, nutritional, and biotechnological perspectives.Veterinary world · 2026Review
- Estrogen in skeletal muscle: metabolism, mechanisms, and exercise-induced changes.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Cross-sectional associations between physical activity and sarcopenia at different life stages: evidence from CHARLS.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Development of the Muscular and Skeletal System During Adolescence.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Outline: The Long-Term Impact of Exercise on Adolescent Growth and Development.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- LMS-based continuous reference values for the myokine musclin in serum in children and adults.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Role ofOpen veterinary journal · 2025Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maintenance of skeletal muscle mass throughout the life course is key for the regulation of health, with physical activity a critical component of this, in part, due to its influence upon key hormones such as testosterone, estrogen, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF). Despite the importance of these hormones for the regulation of skeletal muscle mass in response to different types of exercise, their interaction with the processes controlling muscle mass remain unclear. This review presents evidence on the importance of these hormones in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass and their responses, and involvement in muscle adaptation to resistance exercise. Highlighting the key role testosterone plays as a primary anabolic hormone in muscle adaptation following exercise training, through its interaction with anabolic signaling pathways and other hormones via the androgen receptor (AR), this review also describes the potential importance of fluctuations in other hormones such as GH and IGF-1 in concert with dietary amino acid availability; and the role of estrogen, under the influence of the menstrual cycle and menopause, being especially important in adaptive exercise responses in women. Finally, the downstream mechanisms by which these hormones impact regulation of muscle protein turnover (synthesis and breakdown), and thus muscle mass are discussed. Advances in our understanding of hormones that impact protein turnover throughout life offers great relevance, not just for athletes, but also for the general and clinical populations alike.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.