ReviewFrontiers in human neuroscience2020
Windows of Integration Hypothesis Revisited.
Review in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- A caveat regarding the unfolding argument: implications of plasticity.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- The UnconTrust Database for Studies of Unconscious Semantic Processing and Attentional Allocation.Scientific data · 2025Article
- Object relations are processed with, but not without, awareness.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2025Article
- Review
- Unconscious Integration of Categorical Relationship of Two Subliminal Numbers in Comparison with "5".Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The hidden structure of consciousness.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Approaching the nature of consciousness through a phenomenal analysis of early vision. What is the explanandum?Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- To Grasp the World at a Glance: The Role of Attention in Visual and Semantic Associative Processing.Journal of imaging · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the ongoing research of the functions of consciousness, special emphasis has been put on integration of information: the ability to combine different signals into a coherent, unified one. Several theories of consciousness hold that this ability depends on - or at least goes hand in hand with - conscious processing. Yet some empirical findings have suggested otherwise, claiming that integration of information could take place even without awareness. Trying to reconcile this apparent contradiction, the "windows of integration" (WOI) hypothesis claims that conscious access enables signal processing over large integration windows. The hypothesis applies to integration windows defined either temporally, spatially, or semantically. In this review, we explain the hypothesis and re-examine it in light of new studies published since it was suggested. In line with the hypothesis, these studies provide compelling evidence for unconscious integration, but also demonstrate its limits with respect to time, space, and semantic distance. The review further highlights open questions that still need to be pursued to demonstrate the applicability of the WOI hypothesis as a guiding principle for understanding the depth and scope of unconscious processes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.