ReviewSaudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society2021
Immune system response during viral Infections: Immunomodulators, cytokine storm (CS) and Immunotherapeutics in COVID-19.
Review in Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Changes in Lymphocyte Subpopulations after Remdesivir Therapy for COVID-19: A Brief Report.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Extracellular vesicle-transmitted miR-671-5p alleviates lung inflammation and injury by regulating the AAK1/NF-κB axis.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- Possibility of averting cytokine storm in SARS-COV 2 patients using specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators.Biochemical pharmacology · 2023Review
- Pediatric adenovirus pneumonia: clinical practice and current treatment.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Review
- COVID-19: An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Variants-The Current Vaccines and Drug Development.BioMed research international · 2023Review
- Prophylactic and therapeutic insights into trained immunity: A renewed concept of innate immune memory.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- COVID-19 intranasal vaccines: current progress, advantages, prospects, and challenges.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Review
- Antibacterial Effects ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Current trends in diagnosis and treatment strategies of COVID-19 infection.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Pathogenic implications, incidence, and outcomes of COVID-19 in autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases and autoinflammatory disorders.Advances in rheumatology (London, England) · 2021Review
- Review
- Egypt's COVID-19 Recent Happenings and Perspectives: A Mini-Review.Frontiers in public healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Coronaviruses are non-segmented and single stranded positive-sense RNA (+ssRNA) viruses. To date, 06 human coronaviruses (HCoVs) are reported; α-CoVs (HCoVs-NL63 and HCoVs-229E) and β-CoVs (HCoVs-OC43, HCoVs-HKU1, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV). While, novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is the most recent member. The genome sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is 82% similar to SARS-COV-1. The compelling evidences link the progression of viral infection of SARS-CoV-2 with excessive inflammation as a result of the exaggerated immune response and elevated production of "immunocytokines" resulting in cytokine storm (CS); followed by a series of events, like acute organ damage, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) as well as death. Hence attempts to reduce cytokine storm are now being considered as a new paradigm shift in the clinical management of SARS-CoV-2. Tocilizumab (IL-6 blocker), Baricitinib (JAKs and AAK1 inhibitor), TNFα inhibitors (Infliximab, Adalimumab, Certolizumab) are currently being evaluated for possible block of the CS. Hence, rationalizing anti-inflammatory therapeutics would be the most judicious approach for significant reduction in COVID-19 mortality. In order to elucidate optimized and rationaled use of different therapeutics in COVID-19, we collated latest available information from emerging scientific evidences, integrated previous attempts as well as clinical successes, and various adopted approaches to mitigate past outbreaks with of SARS-CoV and MERS CoV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.