Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33516820›Full record

ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2021

Edible plant-derived exosomal microRNAs: Exploiting a cross-kingdom regulatory mechanism for targeting SARS-CoV-2.

Sreeram Peringattu Kalarikkal, Gopinath M Sundaram

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
64citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 123 citations in OpenAlex.

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  10. Exosome-like Nanoparticles Extracted from Plant Cells for Diabetes Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Sreeram Peringattu KalarikkalDepartment of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India.
Gopinath M SundaramDepartment of Molecular Nutrition, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka 570020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-CFTRI Campus, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: gopinath@cftri.res.in.
Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research · INCentral Food Technological Research Institute · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2 which belongs to coronaviridae family. Despite the global prevalence, there are currently no vaccines or drugs. Dietary plant derived exosome-like vesicles are known as edible nanoparticles (ENPs). ENPs are filled with microRNAs (miRNAs), in bioavailable form. Recently, cross-kingdom regulation of human transcripts by plant miRNAs have been demonstrated. However, ENP derived miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 has not been described. STUDY

designMature ENP-derived miRNA sequences were retrieved from small RNA sequencing datasets available in the literature. In silico target prediction was performed to identify miRNAs that could target SARS-CoV-2. ENPs were isolated from ginger and grapefruit plants and the expression of SARS-CoV-2 targeting miRNAs were confirmed by qRT-PCR.

resultsFrom a total of 260 ENP-derived miRNAs, we identified 22 miRNAs that could potentially target SARS-CoV-2 genome. 11 miRNAs showed absolute target specificity towards SARS-CoV-2 but not SARS-CoV. ENPs from soybean, ginger, hamimelon, grapefruit, tomato and pear possess multiple miRNAs targeting different regions within SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, osa/cme miR-530b-5p specifically targeted the ribosomal slippage site between ORF1a and ORF1b. We validated the relative expression of six miRNAs (miR-5077, miR-6300, miR-156a, miR-169, miR-5059 and miR-166 m) in ginger and grapefruit ENPs by RT-PCR which showed differential enrichment of specific miRNAs in ginger and grapefruit ENPs.

conclusionSince administration of ENPs leads to their accumulation into lung tissues in vivo, ENP derived miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 genome has the potential to be developed as an alternative therapy.

Indexed as

NanoparticlesAntiviral AgentsBase SequenceBinding SitesCitrus paradisiComputer SimulationCOVID-19 Drug TreatmentExosomesGenome, ViralHumansMicroRNAsPhytochemicalsPlants, EdibleReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionSARS-CoV-2Zingiber officinaleAntiviral AgentsMicroRNAsPhytochemicalsCOVID-19Edible nanoparticlesExtracellular vesiclesmicroRNAsSARS-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33516820
PMCPMC7844364
OpenAlexW3127614895

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.