ArticleVaccine2021
Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD with a built in T helper epitope induces strong neutralization antibody response.
Article in Vaccine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- AI-aided design of multi-epitope peptide vaccine elicits cellular and humoral immunity to broad Omicron subvariants.Zoological research · 2026Article
- RBD-displaying OMV nanovaccine boosts immunity against SARS-CoV-2.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Enhancement of immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed inFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Semisynthesis of homogeneous spike RBD glycoforms from SARS-CoV-2 for profiling the correlations between glycan composition and function.National science review · 2024Article
- Antibody Response Following the Intranasal Administration of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein-CpG Oligonucleotide Vaccine.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Engineering probiotic-derived outer membrane vesicles as functional vaccine carriers to enhance immunity against SARS-CoV-2.iScience · 2023Article
- RSV pre-fusion F protein enhances the G protein antibody and anti-infectious responses.NPJ vaccines · 2022Article
- Two formulations of coronavirus disease-19 recombinant subunit vaccine candidate made up of S1 fragment protein P1, S2 fragment protein P2, and nucleocapsid protein elicit strong immunogenicity in mice.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2022Article
- Enhancing the Immunogenicity of RBD Protein Variants through Amino Acid E484 Mutation in SARS-CoV-2.Viruses · 2022Article
- The Occluded Epitope Residing in Spike Receptor-Binding Motif Is Essential for Cross-Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Addition of arginine hydrochloride and proline to the culture medium enhances recombinant protein expression in Brevibacillus choshinensis: The case of RBD of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and its antibody.Protein expression and purification · 2022Article
- SARS-CoV-2 subunit vaccine adjuvants and their signaling pathways.Expert review of vaccines · 2022Review
- Immunogenic and efficacious SARS-CoV-2 vaccine based on resistin-trimerized spike antigen SmT1 and SLA archaeosome adjuvant.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Article
- Recombinant Antigens Based on Non-Glycosylated Regions from RBD SARS-CoV-2 as Potential Vaccine Candidates against COVID-19.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Article
- Crucial Mutations of Spike Protein on SARS-CoV-2 Evolved to Variant Strains Escaping Neutralization of Convalescent Plasmas and RBD-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- COVID-19 Vaccines: Current Understanding on Immunogenicity, Safety, and Further Considerations.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Without approved vaccines and specific treatments, COVID-19 is spreading around the world with above 26 million cases and approximately 864 thousand deaths until now. An efficacious and affordable vaccine is urgently needed. The Val308 - Gly548 of spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 linked with Gln830 - Glu843 of Tetanus toxoid (TT peptide) (designated as S1-4) and without TT peptide (designated as S1-5) were expressed and renatured. The antigenicity and immunogenicity of S1-4 were evaluated by Western Blotting (WB) in vitro and immune responses in mice, respectively. The protective efficiency was measured preliminarily by microneutralization assay (MN50). The soluble S1-4 and S1-5 protein was prepared to high homogeneity and purity. Adjuvanted with Alum, S1-4 protein stimulated a strong antibody response in immunized mice and caused a major Th2-type cellular immunity supplemented with Th1-type immunity. Furthermore, the immunized sera could protect the Vero E6 cells from SARS-CoV-2 infection with neutralizing antibody titer 256. Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD with a built in T helper epitope could stimulate both strong humoral immunity supplemented with cellular immunity in mice, demonstrating that it could be a promising subunit vaccine candidate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.