ArticleAntimicrobial resistance and infection control2021
Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacteria isolated from cerebrospinal fluid among children with bacterial meningitis in China from 2016 to 2018: a multicenter retrospective study.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global trends in macrolide and lincosamide resistance in Streptococcus species: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Global prevalence of macrolide-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Pooled it
- Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS): An Emerging Threat, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Health Concern.International journal of microbiology · 2026Review
- Global Antimicrobial Non-Susceptibility Patterns ofInfection and drug resistance · 2026Review
- Bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial resistance of cerebrospinal fluid pathogens in pediatric bacterial meningitis: a 7-year study in Southwest China with emphasis on post-neurosurgical cases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- The Association Between Elevated Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and Poor Clinical Outcomes of Pediatric Patients with Community-Acquired Bacterial Meningitis Receiving Vancomycin: A Ten-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2025Article
- Dynamic analysis of pathogenic distribution and drug resistance mechanism in neonatal suppurative meningitis: a retrospective study.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- Microbial isolates and resistance profiles in cerebrospinal fluid cultures: a five-year experience at a tertiary center.Future microbiology · 2025Article
- Bacteremia and Meningitis Caused by Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 35B Successfully Treated with Ceftriaxone Combined with Vancomycin Followed by Linezolid.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2025Article
- Exploring risk factors, etiology, and clinical outcomes of acute bacterial meningitis in children under 7 years in Oman.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Clinical characteristics and mortality risk factors of premature infants with carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Characterization of meningitis-causing bacteria, with focus on genomic and pangenomic study of multi-drug resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae from cerebrospinal fluid.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2024Article
- Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of invasive bacterial infections among children from low- and middle-income countries in the Western Pacific Region (WPRO) - a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Article
- The Clinical Manifestations, Risk Factors, Etiologies, and Outcomes of Adult Patients with Infectious Meningitis and Encephalitis: Single Center Experience.Neurology international · 2024Article
- Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the main causes of bacterial meningitis in duck.Poultry science · 2024Article
- Article
- Antimicrobial resistance patterns in paediatric infections at Damascus Hospital, Syria: a retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Article
- Diagnosis of Neurological Infections in Pediatric Patients from Cell-Free DNA Specimens by Using Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Gram-negative bacteria isolates and their antibiotic-resistance patterns among pediatrics patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
29 authors at 12 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPediatric bacterial meningitis (PBM) remains a devastating disease that causes substantial neurological morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, there are few large-scale studies on the pathogens causing PBM and their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns in China. The present multicenter survey summarized the features of the etiological agents of PBM and characterized their AMR patterns.
methodsPatients diagnosed with PBM were enrolled retrospectively at 13 children's hospitals in China from 2016 to 2018 and were screened based on a review of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiology results. Demographic characteristics, the causative organisms and their AMR patterns were systematically analyzed.
resultsOverall, 1193 CSF bacterial isolates from 1142 patients with PBM were obtained. The three leading pathogens causing PBM were Staphylococcus epidermidis (16.5%), Escherichia coli (12.4%) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (10.6%). In infants under 3 months of age, the top 3 pathogens were E. coli (116/523; 22.2%), Enterococcus faecium (75/523; 14.3%), and S. epidermidis (57/523; 10.9%). However, in children more than 3 months of age, the top 3 pathogens were S. epidermidis (140/670; 20.9%), S. pneumoniae (117/670; 17.5%), and Staphylococcus hominis (57/670; 8.5%). More than 93.0% of E. coli isolates were sensitive to cefoxitin, piperacillin/tazobactam, cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin and carbapenems, and the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were 49.4%, 49.2% and 26.4%, respectively. From 2016 to 2018, the proportion of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus isolates (MRCoNS) declined from 80.5 to 72.3%, and the frequency of penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates increased from 75.0 to 87.5%. The proportion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli fluctuated between 44.4 and 49.2%, and the detection rate of ESBL production in Klebsiella pneumoniae ranged from 55.6 to 88.9%. The resistance of E. coli strains to carbapenems was 5.0%, but the overall prevalence of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) was high (54.5%).
conclusionsS. epidermidis, E. coli and S. pneumoniae were the predominant pathogens causing PBM in Chinese patients. The distribution of PBM causative organisms varied by age. The resistance of CoNS to methicillin and the high incidence of ESBL production among E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates were concerning. CRKP poses a critical challenge for the treatment of PBM.
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