ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2021
Infiltrating immune cells in benign breast disease and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi‑scale immune and spatial profiling of sclerosing adenosis and surrounding breast tissue identifies an immune‑cold field phenotype associated with breast cancer risk.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- The Presence of Non-Exhausted Senescent T Cells in Breast Cancer Patients.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Benign breast tumors may arise on different immunological backgrounds.Molecular oncology · 2024Article
- Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2024Article
- Benign Breast Disease and Breast Cancer Risk in the Percutaneous Biopsy Era.JAMA surgery · 2024Article
- Transcription Factor Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) as a Prognostic Indicator for Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer: Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Bioinformatics insights into the role of GFPT1 in breast invasive carcinoma: implications for tumor prognosis, immune modulation, and therapeutic applications.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is well established that tumors are antigenic and can induce an immune response by the host, entailing lymphocytic infiltration of the tumor and surrounding stroma. The extent and composition of the immune response to the tumor, assessed through evaluation of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte counts, has been shown in many studies to have prognostic and predictive value for invasive breast cancer, but currently, there is little evidence regarding the association between infiltrating immune cell counts (IICCs) in women with benign breast disease (BBD) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.
methodsUsing a cohort of 15,395 women biopsied for BBD at Kaiser Permanente Northwest, we conducted a nested case-control study in which cases were women who developed a subsequent invasive breast cancer during follow-up and controls were individually matched to cases on age at BBD diagnosis. We assessed IICCs in normal tissue and in the BBD lesions, and we used unconditional logistic regression to estimate the multivariable odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the associations between IICCs and breast cancer risk.
resultsThere was no association between the IICC in normal tissue (multivariable OR per 5% increase in IICC = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.96-1.16) or in the BBD lesion (OR per 5% increase in IICC = 1.06, 95% CI = 0.96-1.18) and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer. Also, there were no associations within subgroups defined by menopausal status, BBD histology, BMI, and history of smoking.
conclusionThe results of this study suggest that IICCs in BBD tissue are not associated with altered risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.
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