ArticleChemosphere2021
Dental resins used in 3D printing technologies release ovo-toxic leachates.
Article in Chemosphere, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biocompatible designated Resin-3D-printed polymers exhibit reproductive toxicity prevented by Parylene-C.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Biological Safety of 3D Printing Materials Based on Acrylic Resins Used in Dentistry: Narrative Review.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A phenotypicHuman reproduction open · 2026Article
- Preliminary Assessment of the Possible Environmental Risks of Photopolymerizing Resin Particles Produced by Finishing Stereolithography 3D-Printed Objects, Employing Toxicity Test on Tropical House Crickets (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Development of a patient-specific epicardial guide for ventricular tachycardia ablation surgery using high-consistency rubber silicone molding.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Production and Use of Customizable Agarose Molds for Scaffold-Free Mouse Ovarian Follicle Culture.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2025Article
- Hand eczema symptoms, exposures and skin care in orthodontics : A national, cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2025Article
- Impact of Disinfection and Sterilization on 3D-Printing Resin Performance for Surgical Guides in Cardiac Ablation Surgery.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- ZnO/SiOMaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial Vitrimers Synthesized from Dipentaerythritol Pentaacrylate and 2-Hydroxy-3-phenoxypropyl Acrylate for LCD 3D Printing.Biomacromolecules · 2025Article
- Three-Dimensional Printing Resin-Based Dental Provisional Crowns and Bridges: Recent Progress in Properties, Applications, and Perspectives.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Modelling Endometriosis Using In Vitro and In Vivo Systems.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Review
- Three-Dimensionally Printed Agarose Micromold Supports Scaffold-Free Mouse Ex Vivo Follicle Growth, Ovulation, and Luteinization.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The interactions of subcellular organelles in pulmonary fibrosis induced by carbon black nanoparticles: a comprehensive review.Archives of toxicology · 2024Review
- Cellular responses to 3D printed dental resins produced using a manufacturer recommended printer versus a third party printer.The journal of advanced prosthodontics · 2024Article
- Advancements in Clear Aligner Fabrication: A Comprehensive Review of Direct-3D Printing Technologies.Polymers · 2024Review
- Insight on cytotoxic NHC gold(I) halide complexes evaluated in multifaceted culture systems.Current research in toxicology · 2024Article
- Biocompatibility of 3D-printed vs. thermoformed and heat-cured intraoral appliances.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Enhanced solute transport and steady mechanical stimulation in a novel dynamic perifusion bioreactor increase the efficiency of theFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We recently engineered the first female reproductive tract on a chip (EVATAR), to enable sex-based ex vivo research. To increase the scalability and accessibility of EVATAR, we turned to 3D printing (3DP) technologies, selecting two biocompatible 3DP resins, Dental SG (DSG) and Dental LT (DLT) to generate 3DP microphysiologic platforms. Due to the known sensitivity of reproductive cells to leachable compounds, we first screened for toxicity of these biomaterials using an in vitro mammalian oocyte maturation assay. Culture of mouse oocytes in 3DP plates using conventionally treated DSG resin resulted in rapid oocyte degeneration. Oxygen plasma treatment of the surface of printed DSG resin prevented this degeneration, and the majority of the resulting oocytes progressed through meiosis in vitro. However, 57.0% ± 37.2% of the cells cultured in the DSG resin plates exhibited abnormal chromosome morphology compared to 19.4% ± 17.3% of controls cultured in polystyrene. All tested DLT resin conditions, including plasma treatment, resulted in complete and rapid oocyte degeneration. To identify the ovo-toxic component of DLT, we analyzed DLT leachate using mass spectroscopy. We identified Tinuvin 292, a commercial light stabilizer, as a major component of the DLT leachate, which resulted in a dose-dependent disruption of meiotic progression and increase in chromosomal abnormalities with oocyte exposure, showing significant ovo-toxicity in mammals. Severe reproductive toxicity induced by in vitro exposure to these 3D-printed resins highlights potential risks of deploying insufficiently characterized materials for biomedical applications and underscores the need for more rigorous evaluation and designation of biocompatible materials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.