Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33515756›Full record

ArticleEndocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists2021

Facilitators and Barriers to Nursing Implementation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19.

Eileen R Faulds, Laureen Jones, Molly McNett, Keaton S Smetana, Casey C May, Lyndsey Sumner, Elizabeth Buschur, Matthew Exline, Matthew D Ringel, Kathleen Dungan

2 registry-linked trialsOpen access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
5.9field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06693115 nawithdrawnnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring With Patients Undergoing a New Subcutaneous Insulin Protocol for Mild to Moderate Diabetic Ketoacidosis or Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State

TypeinterventionalSponsorHealthPartners InstituteRan2026 to 2026Enrolled0ConditionsDiabetic Ketoacidosis, HyperglycemiaArmsCGM with alerts
NCT07194642 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility and Performance of Continuous Glucose Monitoring to Guide Computerized Insulin Infusion Therapy in Non-ICU Patients Receiving Corticosteroid Therapy and Specialized Nutrition

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of NebraskaRan2026 to 2026Enrolled80ConditionsDiabetesArmsDexcom G7 CGM
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

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  16. Continuous Glucose Monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2023
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Effectiveness of Using the FreeStyle LibreDiagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  19. Review
  20. Hospital Diabetes Meeting 2022.Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2022
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Eileen R FauldsThe Ohio State University College of Nursing, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio. Electronic address: faulds.10@osu.edu.
Laureen JonesThe Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Molly McNettHelene Fuld Health Trust National Institute for EBP, Columbus, Ohio.
Keaton S SmetanaThe Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Casey C MayThe Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Lyndsey SumnerThe Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio.
Elizabeth BuschurDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Matthew ExlineDivision of Critical Care Medicine, The Ohio State University Medical Center, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Matthew D RingelDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
Kathleen DunganDivision of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.
The Ohio State University · USThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe describe our implementation of a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) guideline to support intravenous insulin administration and reduce point of care (POC) glucose monitoring frequency in the coronavirus disease 2019 medical intensive care unit (MICU) and evaluate nurses' experience with implementation of CGM and hybrid POC + CGM protocol using the Promoting Action on Research in Health Services framework.

methodsA multidisciplinary team created a guideline providing criteria for establishing initial sensor-meter agreement within each individual patient followed by hybrid use of CGM and POC. POC measures were obtained hourly during initial validation, then every 6 hours. We conducted a focus group among MICU nurses to evaluate initial implementation efforts with content areas focused on initial assessment of evidence, context, and facilitation to identify barriers and facilitators. The focus group was analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach.

resultsThe protocol was integrated through a rapid cycle review process and ultimately disseminated nationally. The Diabetes Consult Service performed device set-up and nurses received just-in-time training. The majority of barriers centered on contextual factors, including limitations of the physical environment, complex device set-up, hospital firewalls, need for training, and CGM documentation. Nurses' perceived device accuracy and utility were exceptionally high. Solutions were devised to maximize facilitation and sustainability for nurses while maintaining patient safety.

conclusionOutpatient CGM systems can be implemented in the MICU using a hybrid protocol implementation science approach. These efforts hold tremendous potential to reduce healthcare worker exposure while maintaining glucose control during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Indexed as

Blood Glucose Self-MonitoringCOVID-19Blood GlucoseCritical IllnessHumansPandemicsSARS-CoV-2Blood Glucosecontinuous glucose monitoringCOVID-19diabeteshyperglycemiainpatientintensive care unit

Identifiers

PMID33515756
PMCPMC7839794
OpenAlexW3123942562

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.