ReviewPharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior2021
Use and abuse of dissociative and psychedelic drugs in adolescence.
Review in Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toward a framework for psychedelic clinical trials in adolescents.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Review
- Adverse outcomes following psychedelic use in adolescents and adults: associations with age and personality traits.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2026Article
- Cortical Mechanisms Contributing to Ketamine-Induced Dissociation.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2026Review
- Substance Abuse and Cognitive Decline: The Critical Role of Tau Protein as a Potential Biomarker.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Psychological and neuropsychological effects of MDMA use during adolescence: a structured review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Application of a nucleophilic substitution rection for spectrofluorimetric quantification of ketamine in pharmaceutical and plasma matrices.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Socio-Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Substance Intoxication Receiving a Psychiatric Assessment in the Emergency Department of the Maggiore Della Carita Hospital, Novara, Italy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD in adolescents: rationale, potential, risks, and considerations.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Review
- Psilocybin in pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2024Review
- Developmental changes in brain structure and function following exposure to oral LSD during adolescence.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- 3-Methoxy-Phencyclidine Induced Psychotic Disorder: A Literature Review and anPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Brain oxygen responses induced by opioids: focus on heroin, fentanyl, and their adulterants.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Review
- Associations between individual hallucinogens and hallucinogen misuse among U.S. Adults who recently initiated hallucinogen use.Addictive behaviors reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Ketamine Use in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Emerging Data in Treatment-Resistant Depression, Insights from Adults, and Future Directions.Current psychiatry reports · 2023Review
- High doses of dextromethorphan induced shock and convulsions in a 19-year-old female: A case report.World journal of clinical cases · 2023Article
- Repeated dextromethorphan administration in adolescent rats produces long-lasting behavioral alterations.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2023Article
- Basic metabolic and vascular effects of ketamine and its interaction with fentanyl.Neuropharmacology · 2023Article
- Association between Psychopathological Symptoms and Aggression and Selected Biochemical Parameters in Adolescents with Behavioural and Emotional Disturbances.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Psilocybin for Depression: From Credibility to Feasibility, What's Missing?Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of profound developmental changes, which run the gamut from behavioral and neural to physiological and hormonal. It is also a time at which there is an increased propensity to engage in risk-taking and impulsive behaviors like drug use. This review examines the human and preclinical literature on adolescent drug use and its consequences, with a focus on dissociatives (PCP, ketamine, DXM), classic psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin), and MDMA. It is the case for all the substances reviewed here that very little is known about their effects in adolescent populations. An emerging aspect of the literature is that dissociatives and MDMA produce mixed reinforcing and aversive effects and that the balance between reinforcement and aversion may differ between adolescents and adults, with consequences for drug use and addiction. However, many studies have failed to directly compare adults and adolescents, which precludes definitive conclusions about these consequences. Other important areas that are largely unexplored are sex differences during adolescence and the long-term consequences of adolescent use of these substances. We provide suggestions for future work to address the gaps we identified in the literature. Given the widespread use of these drugs among adolescent users, and the potential for therapeutic use, this work will be crucial to understanding abuse potential and consequences of use in this developmental stage.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.