ReviewReviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders2021
Paediatric Cushing's disease: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical management and outcome.
Review in Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery in nelson's syndrome: a systematic review and Meta-Analysis.Pituitary · 2025Pooled it
- Consensus guideline for the diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas in childhood and adolescence: Part 2, specific diseases.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2024Guideline
- A challenging diagnosis of pediatric (cyclic) Cushing disease: the decisive role of hair cortisol.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Cushing's disease across the lifespan: a case-based clinical review.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Review
- Atypical Presentation and Course of ACTH-Independent Cushing’s Syndrome in Two FamiliesJournal of clinical research in pediatric endocrinology · 2026Article
- Sex differences in the clinical presentation, management and long-term outcomes of pituitary tumors in children and adolescents.Pituitary · 2026Review
- Growth Retardation in an Adolescent Secondary to Cushing's Disease Caused by a Pituitary Microadenoma: A Case Report.Reports (MDPI) · 2026Article
- DHEAS Elevation as the Early Biochemical Abnormality in ACTH-Secreting Pituitary Microadenomas in Children: Two Case Reports.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Case Report: ACTH-independent Cushing's syndrome caused by isolated micronodular adrenal disease in a 23-month-old girl.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Spectrum of Osteoporosis Etiologies with Associated Vertebral Compression Fractures in Children: Analysis of 11 Cases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Adrenal causes of endocrine hypertension in childhood or adolescence.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- Cushing syndrome in paediatric population: who and how to screen.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2025Review
- The neurosurgical outcome of pediatric Cushing's disease in a single center from China: a 20-year experience.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The phenotype of the pediatric patient with Cushing syndrome but without obesity.European journal of endocrinology · 2024Article
- Pediatric Cushing Syndrome: a unique account of a rare but important condition.Translational pediatrics · 2024Article
- Article
- Paediatric Cushing's disease: long-term outcome and predictors of recurrence.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Paediatric Cushing syndrome: a prospective, multisite, observational cohort study.The Lancet. Child & adolescent health · 2024Observational
- Clinical and therapeutic outcomes of pediatric pituitary adenomas: a single pituitary center experience.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Osteoporosis as the First Sign of Cushing's Disease in a Thin 16-Year-Old Boy-A Case Report.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cushing's disease (CD) is rare in paediatric practice but requires prompt investigation, diagnosis and therapy to prevent long-term complications. Key presenting features are a change in facial appearance, weight gain, growth failure, virilization, disturbed puberty and psychological disturbance. Close consultation with an adult endocrinology department is recommended regarding diagnosis and therapy. The incidence of CD, a form of ACTH-dependent Cushing's syndrome (CS), is equal to approximately 5% of that seen in adults. The majority of ACTH-secreting adenomas are monoclonal and sporadic, although recent studies of pituitary tumours have shown links to several deubiquitination gene defects. Diagnosis requires confirmation of hypercortisolism followed by demonstration of ACTH-dependence. Identification of the corticotroph adenoma by pituitary MRI and/or bilateral inferior petrosal sampling for ACTH may contribute to localisation before pituitary surgery. Transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) with selective microadenomectomy is first-line therapy, followed by external pituitary irradiation if surgery is not curative. Medical therapy to suppress adrenal steroid synthesis is effective in the short-term and bilateral adrenalectomy should be considered in cases unfit for TSS or radiotherapy or when urgent remission is needed after unsuccessful surgery. TSS induces remission of hypercortisolism and improvement of symptoms in 70-100% of cases, particularly when performed by a surgeon with experience in children. Post-TSS complications include pituitary hormone deficiencies, sub-optimal catch-up growth, and persisting excess of BMI. Recurrence of hypercortisolism following remission is recognised but infrequent, being less common than in adult CD patients. With experienced specialist medical and surgical care, the overall prognosis is good. Early referral to an experienced endocrine centre is advised.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.