ArticleJournal of neurology2021
Immune checkpoint inhibitors for progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy: a new gold standard?
Article in Journal of neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- The use of pembrolizumab in a patient with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with Good's syndrome: a case report.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with chronic liver disease successfully treated with pembrolizumab.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Halting progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy with pembrolizumab: the case of a patient with multiple sclerosis under fingolimod.Journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Pembrolizumab for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in China.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Fingolimod-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in a multiple sclerosis patient with a good response to filgrastim.Journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, advanced ductal breast carcinoma, systemic sclerosis, and checkpoint inhibitors: a therapeutic dilemma.Journal of neurovirology · 2023Article
- Promise and Challenges of Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2022Review
- [Immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy].Der Nervenarzt · 2022Article
- Innovative therapeutic concepts of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
- Article
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy after first-line radiotherapy and temozolomide for glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Advances in Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy.Annals of neurology · 2021Review
- Clinical outcomes after use of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies in people with multiple sclerosis.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesProgressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a very rare and opportunistic encephalitis caused by JC polyomavirus that is linked to profound immunosuppression and is usually fatal unless immune function can be restored. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that block either CTLA-4 or PD-1 inhibitor receptors, thus enhancing antiviral T-cell activity. Successful treatment of PML by ICI has recently generated some enthusiasm in case reports/small series of patients. However, the initial enthusiasm was mitigated by some individual case reports that did not show any benefit. More data are thus warranted about efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the specific context of PML. METHODS AND
resultsWe report here the outcomes of six PML patients treated by ICI between 2017 and 2019. Underlying causes of immunosuppression consisted in hematologic malignancies (n = 4), primary immune deficiency (n = 1) and use of immunosuppressive therapies for myasthenia gravis (n = 1). Three patients were alive with a mean follow-up of 21 months (14-33) after first ICI infusion, including one patient with frank clinical response, one with stabilization, and one with initial worsening and further stabilization of PML. The three other patients rapidly died from PML.
conclusionsOur data suggest that ICI may be effective for PML treatment but were less impressive than the ones previously reported. Larger studies are thus warranted to confirm this efficacy and to identify the predictive factors of response.
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