Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33515169›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2023

Structural and Pragmatic Language Impairments in Children Evaluated for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).

Lise Reindal, Terje Nærland, Bernhard Weidle, Stian Lydersen, Ole A Andreassen, Anne Mari Sund

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
8.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Who, when, where, and why: A systematic review of "late diagnosis" in autism.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2025
    Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Language Subdomains in Children on the Autism Spectrum: Cross-Sectional Study of Morphologically Rich Language.Folia phoniatrica et logopaedica : official organ of the International Association of Logopedics and Phoniatrics (IALP) · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Ten years of using the APACS test: a multistudy cross-diagnostic analysis of pragmatic profiles and their relationship with Theory of Mind.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Lise ReindalDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Volda Hospital, Volda, Norway. lise.reindal@ntnu.no.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4882-0839
Terje NærlandNevSom, Department of Rare Disorders and Disabilities, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Bernhard WeidleDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Stian LydersenDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Ole A AndreassenK.G Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Anne Mari SundDepartment of Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.
Norwegian University of Science and Technology · NOOslo University Hospital · NOVolda University College · NO

Funding

Helse Sør-Øst RHF 2015086Norges Forskningsråd 213694
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pragmatic language impairments are common in neurodevelopmental disorders, especially in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The relationship between structural language skills and pragmatic competence in children with autistic symptoms, however, is largely unknown. We investigated this relationship based on the Children's Communication Checklist-2 and early language delay among children (N = 177, 19% females) clinically evaluated for ASD, differentiated into ASD (n = 148) and non-ASD (n = 29). Structural language deficits were common and associated with reduced pragmatic competence in both groups. Pragmatic language impairments were most profound in children with ASD. Early language delay and structural language deficits were less common in females. Our findings suggest that assessment of structural language skills should be included in the evaluation of children with suspected ASD.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderLanguage Development DisordersNeurodevelopmental DisordersChildFemaleHumansLanguageMaleAutism spectrum disorderLanguage impairmentLanguage milestonesPragmatic language skillsSex differencesStructural language skills

Identifiers

PMID33515169
PMCPMC9944009
OpenAlexW3121983470

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.