Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33514983›Full record

ArticleLab on a chip2021

Controllable fusion of human brain organoids using acoustofluidics.

Zheng Ao, Hongwei Cai, Zhuhao Wu, Jonathan Ott, Huiliang Wang, Ken Mackie, Feng Guo

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Lab on a chip, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Organoid Brain-Machine-Interface Devices for Central Nervous System Repair.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Bioengineering gradients for controlled embryo and organ modeling.Current opinion in biomedical engineering · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Human brain organoids for understanding substance use disorders.Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2025
    Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Zheng AoDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. fengguo@iu.edu.
Hongwei CaiDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. fengguo@iu.edu.
Zhuhao WuDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. fengguo@iu.edu.
Jonathan OttDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. fengguo@iu.edu.
Huiliang WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, TX 78712, USA.
Ken MackieGill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8501-6199
Feng GuoDepartment of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA. fengguo@iu.edu.ORCID 0000-0001-9103-3235
Bloomington Health Foundation · USMidKent College · GBThe University of Texas at Austin · US

Funding

An acoustofluidic avidity cytometer for massive parallel profiling single autoreactive T cell in autoimmune diseaseDP2AI160242 · NIAID · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI GUO, FENG · 2020 to 2020
$2.4M
Acquisition of a DeltaVision OMX-SR Imaging SystemS10OD024988 · OD · INDIANA UNIVERSITY INDIANAPOLIS · PI WALCZAK, CLAIRE E · 2018 to 2018
$600k
Projection Specific Modulation of Neural Activity with A Non-genetic MethodK01MH117490 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN · PI WANG, HUILIANG · 2018 to 2021
$508k
Acoustic assembly of patient tumor organoids for modeling cancer immunityR03EB030331 · NIBIB · TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY · PI GUO, FENG · 2020 to 2021
$159k
NIAID NIH HHS DP2 AI160242NIBIB NIH HHS R03 EB030331NIH HHS S10 OD024988NIMH NIH HHS K01 MH117490
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The fusion of human organoids holds promising potential in modeling physiological and pathological processes of tissue genesis and organogenesis. However, current fused organoid models face challenges of high heterogeneity and variable reproducibility, which may stem from the random fusion of heterogeneous organoids. Thus, we developed a simple and versatile acoustofluidic method to improve the standardization of fused organoid models via a controllable spatial arrangement of organoids. By regulating dynamic acoustic fields within a hexagonal acoustofluidic device, we can rotate, transport, and fuse one organoid with another in a contact-free, label-free, and minimal-impact manner. As a proof-of-concept to model the development of the human midbrain-to-forebrain mesocortical pathway, we acoustically fused human forebrain organoids (hFOs) and human midbrain organoids (hMOs) with the controllable alignment of neuroepithelial buds. We found that post-assembly, hMO can successfully project tyrosine hydroxylase neurons towards hFO, accompanied by an increase of firing rates and synchrony of excitatory neurons. Moreover, we found that our controllable fusion method can regulate neuron projection (e.g., range, length, and density), projection maturation (e.g., higher firing rate and synchrony), and neural progenitor cell (NPC) division in the assembloids via the initial spatial control. Thus, our acoustofluidic method may serve as a label-free, contact-free, and highly biocompatible tool to effectively assemble organoids and facilitate the standardization and robustness of organoid-based disease models and tissue engineering.

Indexed as

BrainOrganoidsHumansMesencephalonReproducibility of ResultsTissue Engineering

Identifiers

PMID33514983
PMCPMC8464403
OpenAlexW3124160363

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.