ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2021
Regulation of inflammation by the antioxidant haem oxygenase 1.
Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 272 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
272 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 404 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Epidemiologic Studies.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- Clinical study evaluating the efficacy and safety of Cilostazol as an adjuvant therapy to methotrexate on patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Trial
- A transferrin receptor-targeted liposome for iron metabolism regulation-augmented photodynamic therapy in glioblastoma.Bioactive materials · 2027Article
- Spatiotemporal regulation of neutrophil-mediated immune cascades via engineered PEEK surfaces restores osseointegration in diabetes.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease.JAMA neurology · 2026Article
- A Multifaceted Interplay Among Hemophagocytosis, Interleukin-18, and Type I Interferon Distinguishes Still Disease From Other Autoinflammatory Diseases.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Protective Effects of Antioxidant Mix Pre-Treatment Against Visible Light-Induced Damage in Dark Skin Phototype.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Blood-brain barrier-penetrant nanotherapy inhibits haem oxygenase-1-mediated ferroptosis for post-resuscitation neuroprotection.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Heterogeneous CRISPR/Cas9 Editing ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Research on the Application of Fluorescent Probes in Revealing the Mechanism of Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Review
- The Therapeutic Paradox of Endocannabinoid Immunomodulation: Molecular Mechanisms and Strategic Frameworks.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- DcR3 Suppresses Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Aggresome-like Structures in Macrophages via Inhibition of Reactive Oxygen Species and p38 MAPK.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Monocyte infiltration induces CNS arginine catabolism to fuel neuroinflammation.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Chlorination of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate Potentiates Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Multidrug-Resistant Leukemia Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Skin-whitening, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects ofCytotechnology · 2026Article
- Intestinal Epithelial Cell Ferroptosis in Ulcerative Colitis: Pathogenesis, Signaling Networks, and Therapeutic Implications.Current medical science · 2026Review
- Protective effect of snail secretion filtrate in an in vitro model of mastitis.Veterinary record open · 2026Article
- A HO-1 gene knockout using a NanoCRISPR scaffold suppresses metastasis in mouse models.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Algal Diterpenoid Ruguloptone A by Modulation of M2 Response in Early Diabetic Retinopathy.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Dual-locked strategy for fluorescence/chemiluminescence dual-modal imaging reprogramming.Chemical science · 2026Article
212 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1), an inducible enzyme responsible for the breakdown of haem, is primarily considered an antioxidant, and has long been overlooked by immunologists. However, research over the past two decades in particular has demonstrated that HO-1 also exhibits numerous anti-inflammatory properties. These emerging immunomodulatory functions have made HO-1 an appealing target for treatment of diseases characterized by high levels of chronic inflammation. In this Review, we present an introduction to HO-1 for immunologists, including an overview of its roles in iron metabolism and antioxidant defence, and the factors which regulate its expression. We discuss the impact of HO-1 induction in specific immune cell populations and provide new insights into the immunomodulation that accompanies haem catabolism, including its relationship to immunometabolism. Furthermore, we highlight the therapeutic potential of HO-1 induction to treat chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and the issues faced when trying to translate such therapies to the clinic. Finally, we examine a number of alternative, safer strategies that are under investigation to harness the therapeutic potential of HO-1, including the use of phytochemicals, novel HO-1 inducers and carbon monoxide-based therapies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.