ArticleNature protocols2021
Norovirus detection in water samples at the level of single virus copies per microliter using a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope.
Article in Nature protocols, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Rapid antithrombin assay from human blood plasma utilizing smartphone-based flow observation on paper chips.PLOS digital health · 2026Article
- Development of a point-of-care-testing platform: localized surface plasmon resonance biosensor for rapid ABO/Rh blood typing.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Pump-Free Microfluidics for Cell Concentration Analysis on Smartphones in Clinical Settings (SmartFlow): Design, Development, and Evaluation.JMIR biomedical engineering · 2024Article
- Inclusive and Accurate Clinical Diagnostics Using Intelligent Computation and Smartphone Imaging.ACS sensors · 2024Article
- Advances in Portable Optical Microscopy Using Cloud Technologies and Artificial Intelligence for Medical Applications.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Deep learning-assisted smartphone-based quantitative microscopy for label-free peripheral blood smear analysis.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
- Microparticle-Based Detection of Viruses.Biosensors · 2023Review
- Smartphone-based hand-held polarized light microscope for on-site pharmaceutical crystallinity characterization.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2023Article
- A photonic resonator interferometric scattering microscope for label-free detection of nanometer-scale objects with digital precision in point-of-use environments.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- A portable immunosensor provides sensitive and rapid detection of Borrelia burgdorferi antigen in spiked blood.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Sample-to-answer platform for the clinical evaluation of COVID-19 using a deep learning-assisted smartphone-based assay.Nature communications · 2023Article
- A Photonic Resonator Interferometric Scattering Microscope for Label-free Detection of Nanometer-Scale Objects with Digital Precision in Point-of-Use Environments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2022Article
- Review
- COVID-19 variants' cross-reactivity on the paper microfluidic particle counting immunoassay.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Smartphone-based sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 from saline gargle samples via flow profile analysis on a paper microfluidic chip.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Natural killer cell detection, quantification, and subpopulation identification on paper microfluidic cell chromatography using smartphone-based machine learning classification.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Direct capture and smartphone quantification of airborne SARS-CoV-2 on a paper microfluidic chip.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2022Article
- Sensitive, smartphone-based SARS-CoV-2 detection from clinical saline gargle samples.PNAS nexus · 2022Article
- Biosensor detection of airborne respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.SLAS technology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Norovirus is a widespread public health threat and has a very low infectious dose. This protocol presents the extremely sensitive mobile detection of norovirus from water samples using a custom-built smartphone-based fluorescence microscope and a paper microfluidic chip. Antibody-conjugated fluorescent particles are immunoagglutinated and spread over the paper microfluidic chip by capillary action for individual counting using a smartphone-based fluorescence microscope. Smartphone images are analyzed using intensity- and size-based thresholding for the elimination of background noise and autofluorescence as well as for the isolation of immunoagglutinated particles. The resulting pixel counts of particles are correlated with the norovirus concentration of the tested sample. This protocol provides detailed guidelines for the construction and optimization of the smartphone- and paper-based assay. In addition, a 3D-printed enclosure is presented to incorporate all components in a dark environment. On-chip concentration and the assay of higher concentrations are presented to further broaden the assay range. This method is the first to be presented as a highly sensitive mobile platform for norovirus detection using low-cost materials. With all materials and reagents prepared, a single standard assay takes under 20 min. Although the method described is used for detection of norovirus, the same protocol could be adapted for detection of other pathogens by using different antibodies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.