ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Natural Killer Cell Phenotype and Functionality Affected by Exposure to Extracellular Survivin and Lymphoma-Derived Exosomes.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasma membrane order maps functional diversity in immune cells.Nature chemical biology · 2026Article
- Exosomes liquid biopsy in Lymphoma precision medicine: applications and challenges.Cancer cell international · 2026Review
- Tumor exosomes impact functional hallmarks of cancer.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in spine tumors: biological roles, immune modulation, and therapeutic implications.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in the immune regulation of hematological malignancies: mechanisms, prognostic significance, and therapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Targeting Survivin: Now I Become Death, the Destroyer of Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biological Cargo: Exosomes and their Role in Cancer Progression and Metastasis.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Exosome as a crucial communicator between tumor microenvironment and gastric cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2024Review
- Recent Progress of Exosomes in Hematological Malignancies: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Strategies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2024Review
- ELFN1-AS1 promotes GDF15-mediated immune escape of colorectal cancer from NK cells by facilitating GCN5 and SND1 association.Discover oncology · 2023Article
- Mechanism of exosomes in the tumor microenvironment in the abscopal effect (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Article
- Regulation of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Immune Responses against Antigen-Specific Presentation.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicles and particles impact the systemic landscape of cancer.The EMBO journal · 2022Review
- Emerging role of exosomes in cancer progression and tumor microenvironment remodeling.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2022Review
- What Inhibits Natural Killers' Performance in Tumour.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Cancer exosomes and natural killer cells dysfunction: biological roles, clinical significance and implications for immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2022Review
- Exosomes and cancer immunotherapy: A review of recent cancer research.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The inherent abilities of natural killer (NK) cells to recognize and kill target cells place them among the first cells with the ability to recognize and destroy infected or transformed cells. Cancer cells, however, have mechanisms by which they can inhibit the surveillance and cytotoxic abilities of NK cells with one believed mechanism for this: their ability to release exosomes. Exosomes are vesicles that are found in abundance in the tumor microenvironment that can modulate intercellular communication and thus enhance tumor malignancy. Recently, our lab has found cancer cell exosomes to contain the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein survivin to be associated with decreased immune response in lymphocytes and cellular death. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of survivin and lymphoma-derived survivin-containing exosomes on the immune functions of NK cells. NK cells were obtained from the peripheral blood of healthy donors and treated with pure survivin protein or exosomes from two lymphoma cell lines, DLCL2 and FSCCL. RNA was isolated from NK cell samples for measurement by PCR, and intracellular flow cytometry was used to determine protein expression. Degranulation capacity, cytotoxicity, and natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D) levels were also assessed. Lymphoma exosomes were examined for size and protein content. This study established that these lymphoma exosomes contained survivin and FasL but were negative for MHC class I-related chains (MIC)/B (MICA/B) and TGF-β. Treatment with exosomes did not significantly alter NK cell functionality, but extracellular survivin was seen to decrease natural killer group 2D receptor (NKG2D) levels and the intracellular protein levels of perforin, granzyme B, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.