ArticleNutrients2021
Prevalence of Wheat/Gluten-Related Disorders and Gluten-Free Diet in Paraguay: An Online Survey-Based Study.
Article in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Wheat Allergy Worldwide.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of gluten in adolescents and young adults with gastrointestinal symptoms: a blinded randomised cross-over trial.Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics · 2022Trial
- Non-Coeliac Wheat Sensitivity: Symptoms in Search of a Mechanism, or a Distinct Well-Defined Clinical Entity? A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Self-Reported Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity and Other Food Sensitivities in Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Estimating the Self-reported Prevalence of Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Korean Population.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2022Article
- Eating Competence and Aspects Related to a Gluten-Free Diet in Brazilian Adults with Gluten-Related Disorders.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: An Update.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are increasing around the world, but their magnitude and relevance remain unknown in most Latin American countries. Thus, an online survey was conducted to estimate the prevalence of GRDs as well as adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) in Paraguayan adult population. There were 1058 individuals surveyed using a validated questionnaire (response rate of 93.9%). The self-reported prevalence rates were as follows (95% CI): gluten sensitivity (GS), 10.30% (8.53-12.29); non-celiac GS (NCGS), 5.19% (3.94-6.71); physician-diagnosed celiac disease (PD-CD), 3.11% (2.15-4.35); wheat allergy (WA), 2.07% (1.30-3.13); and adherence to GFD, 15.69% (13.55-18.02). Excluding CD, more women than men met the criteria for GRDs, adverse food reactions, and GFD (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.