SynthesisPloS one2021
Factors associated with hypertension in Pakistan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 56 citations in OpenAlex.
- National prevalence and regional variation in the burden of hypertension in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- Hypertension prevalence and associated factors among bank workers in Africa, 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Socioeconomic Inequalities on the Risk of Hypertension in Bangladesh: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical hypertension (Greenwich, Conn.) · 2025Pooled it
- Translation, Reliability, Psychometric Validation, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Urdu Version of the Self-Efficacy for Appropriate Medication Use Scale (SEAMS-U) Among Hypertensive Patients in Lahore, Pakistan: A Validation Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Psychological Burden in Uncontrolled Hypertension: Findings from the ERIDANO Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Pharmacogenetics of RAS-affecting AGT and ACE variants and the efficacy of Valsartan/HCTZ therapy.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vitamin D status and cardiometabolic risk factors among hypertensive and normotensive adults: a hospital-based cross-sectional study in Nepal.BMC nutrition · 2026Article
- Mapping the Burden of Hypertension in Türkiye (2008-2022): A National Cross-Sectional Study of Nearly 100000 Adults.International journal of hypertension · 2026Article
- Antihypertensive Plants Used by the Anak Dalam Tribe in Jambi, Indonesia: Ethnobotanical Insights and Pharmacological Potential as Alternatives to Conventional Medicine.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- WhatsApp and YouTube as platforms for facilitating lifestyle modifications among individuals with hypertension in a low-income, urban community in Karachi, Pakistan: a qualitative study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Longitudinal trends in stroke risk factors and mortality over 20 years from a central stroke referral center in Pakistan using clinically digitized data.eNeurologicalSci · 2025Article
- Risk prediction of cardiometabolic diseases with depression in the community of Xinjiang production and construction corps.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Impact of personality traits, coping styles, and anger on psychological symptoms of patients with arterial hypertension.Research in psychotherapy (Milano) · 2025Article
- Article
- Hypertension in Bangladesh: women surpass men at younger ages than worldwide.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Modeling and Exploring Stillbirth Risks in Northern Pakistan.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Role of Social Functioning Between Vitality and Mental Distress in Hypertension: A Partial Mediation Model.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2025Article
- Enhancing knowledge of hypertension among general practitioners in Pakistan through a Train-The-Trainer initiative.PloS one · 2025Article
- Universal health coverage in Pakistan: exploring the landscape of the health system, health seeking behaviours, and utilization of health services.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2024Review
- Prevalence of and Risk factors associated with hypertension: a community based- cross sectional study in Ndorwa West Health Sub District, Kabale district, southwestern Uganda.Research square · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHigh blood pressure is an important public health concern and the leading risk factor for global mortality and morbidity. To assess the implications of this condition, we aimed to review the existing literature and study the factors that are significantly associated with hypertension in the Pakistani population.
methodsWe conducted several electronic searches in PubMed, ISI Web of Science, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, Elsevier, and manually searched the citations of published articles on hypertension from May 2019 to August 2019. We included all studies that examined factors associated with hypertension regardless of the study design. To assess the quality of the research, we used the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. We also conducted meta-analyses using the DerSimonian & Laird random-effects model to collate results from at least three studies.
resultsWe included 30 cross-sectional and 7 case-control studies (99,391 participants country-wide) in this review and found 13 (35.1%) to be high-quality studies. We identified 5 socio-demographic, 3 lifestyle, 3 health-related, and 4 psychological variables that were significantly associated with hypertension. Adults aged between 30-60 years who were married, living in urban areas with high incomes, used tobacco, had a family history of hypertension, and had comorbidities (overweight, obesity, diabetes, anxiety, stress, and anger management issues) were positively associated with hypertension. On the other hand, individuals having high education levels, normal physical activity, and unrestricted salt in their diet were negatively associated with hypertension.
conclusionWe found several socio-demographic, lifestyle, health-related, and psychological factors that were significantly (positively and negatively) associated with hypertension. Our findings may help physicians and public health workers to identify high-risk groups and recommend appropriate prevention strategies. Further research is warranted to investigate these factors rigorously and collate global evidence on the same.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.