ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2021
ATG5 is instrumental in the transition from autophagy to apoptosis during the degeneration of tick salivary glands.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autophagy Plays a Suppressive Role in Bladder Tumor Formation in an Orthotopic Mouse Model and Bladder Cancer Patient Specimens.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Hidden caveats in tick dissection: engorgement level and complex tracheal network architecture compromise internal organ integrity.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- Blood feeding triggers the terminal differentiation of precursor cells in tick salivary glands.Science advances · 2026Article
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress in steroid-induced osteonecrosis: translational bottlenecks and targeted therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Transcriptome reveals the roles and potential mechanisms of CeRNA in the regulation of salivary gland development in the tickFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Dissection and internal anatomy of the giant tropical bont tick Amblyomma variegatum.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Natural selection and genetic diversity maintenance in a parasitic wasp during continuous biological control application.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Towards modelling tick-virus interactions using the weakly pathogenicFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Apoptosis and Autophagy: Current Understanding in Tick-Pathogen Interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Female tick salivary glands undergo rapid degeneration several days post engorgement. This degeneration may be caused by the increased concentration of ecdysone in the hemolymph during the fast feeding period and both autophagy and apoptosis occur. In this work, we first proved autophagy-related gene (ATG) and caspase gene expression peaks during degeneration of the tick salivary glands. We explored the regulatory role of Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides autophagy-related 5 (RhATG5) in the degeneration of tick salivary glands. During the fast feeding phase, RhATG5 was cleaved and both calcium concentration and the transcription of Rhcalpains increased in the salivary glands. Recombinant RhATG5 was cleaved by μ-calpain only in the presence of calcium; the mutant RhATG5191-199Δ was not cleaved. Treatment with 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) led to programmed cell death in the salivary glands of unfed ticks in vitro, RhATG8-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) was upregulated in ticks treated with low concentration of 20E. Conversely, RhATG8-PE decreased and Rhcaspase-7 increased in ticks treated with a high concentration of 20E and transformed autophagy to apoptosis. High concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5. Calcium concentration and expression of Rhcalpains were also upregulated in the tick salivary glands. RNA interference (RNAi) of RhATG5 in vitro inhibited both autophagy and apoptosis of the tick salivary glands. RNAi of RhATG5 in vivo significantly inhibited the normal feeding process. These results demonstrated that high concentrations of 20E led to the cleavage of RhATG5 by increasing the concentration of calcium and stimulated the transition from autophagy to apoptosis.
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