ReviewExpert opinion on biological therapy2021
Targeting the complement system in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Review in Expert opinion on biological therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and efficacy of ravulizumab in patients with NMOSD previously treated with rituximab: A post hoc analysis of the CHAMPION-NMOSD trial.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Trial
- Complement C3 inhibitory peptide AMY-101 ameliorates brain injury in a mouse model of NMOSD.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Age-stratified clinical characteristics and disability outcomes in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: A cross-sectional study.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- FPR2/ALX stimulation modulates microglia and natural killer cells to restrict autoimmune astrocytopathy.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Dynamic characterization of pathological and functional deterioration in a mouse model of optic neuritis related to neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- miR-6836-5p Drives Astrocyte Pro-survival Signaling Through DLG2-Hippo-YAP Pathway Under AQP4-IgG + ve NMOSD Stress.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Synergistic Interaction Between MALAT1/miR-30b-5p/BAFF Axis and Inflammatory Cytokines Underlies Rituximab-Refractory NMOSD.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of Retinal Damage in NMOSD via Müller Glial Cell Stimulation with Patient Sera.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Therapeutic targeting of neuroimmune mechanisms in neurodegeneration.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Curing the brain: in search for new astrocyte-specific therapies.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Role of serum complement C3 in blood-brain barrier injury and prognosis of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Microglial PD-1/PD-L1 axis in CNS demyelinating diseases: a dual immunoregulatory perspective.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- The complement system in Alzheimer's disease: mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparative Efficacy of Double-Filtration Plasmapheresis Versus Intravenous Methylprednisolone in Acute Attacks of Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Prospective Cohort Study.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Activation of the C3 Complement Pathway in the Hippocampus Produces Anxiodepressive Effects in a Mouse Model of Inflammation Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: Pathophysiology, Clinical Patterns, and Therapeutic Challenges of Intractable and Severe Forms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Immunotherapies in neuromyelitis optica: Bayesian network meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Neuromyelitis Optica Diagnosis in Two Elderly Patients with Systematic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Series.Reports (MDPI) · 2025Article
- Clinical and immunological differences between primary and autoimmune-associated neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a retrospective study.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Advances in biomarkers for optic neuritis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders: a multi-omics perspective.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNeuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is characterized by central nervous system inflammation and demyelination. In AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies against astrocyte water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) cause tissue injury. Compelling evidence supports a pathogenic role for complement activation following AQP4-IgG binding to AQP4. Clinical studies supported the approval of eculizumab, an inhibitor of C5 cleavage, in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. AREAS COVERED: This review covers in vitro, animal models, and human evidence for complement-dependent and complement-independent tissue injury in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD. Complement targets are discussed, including complement proteins, regulators and anaphylatoxin receptors, and corresponding drug candidates. EXPERT OPINION: Though preclinical data support a central pathogenic role of complement activation in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, they do not resolve the relative contributions of complement-dependent vs. complement-independent disease mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, T cell effector mechanisms, and direct AQP4-IgG-induced cellular injury. The best evidence that complement-dependent mechanisms predominate in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD comes from eculizumab clinical data. Various drug candidates targeting distinct complement effector mechanisms may offer improved safety and efficacy. However, notwithstanding the demonstrated efficacy of complement inhibition in AQP4-IgG seropositive NMOSD, the ultimate niche for complement inhibition is not clear given multiple drug options with alternative mechanisms of action.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.