ArticleInternational wound journal2021
Topical effect of benzalkonium bromide on wound healing and potential cellular and molecular mechanisms.
Article in International wound journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Efficacy and Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Activity of pH-Controlled Sodium Hypochlorite Solution (HACCP'ER) in Acute and Chronic Wound Management: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Bi-Layered Tablets as a Novel Platform for Wound Healing and Synergistic Combination Therapy.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Article
- Tailoring Polymeric Scaffolds withMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Low-temperature cold plasma promotes wound healing by inhibiting skin inflammation and improving skin microbiome.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Accelerated wound healing induced by spinach extract in experimental model diabetic rats with streptozotocin.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Phenotypic Modulation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells and Fibroblasts Treated with Povidone-Iodine and Chlorhexidine in Mono and Coculture Models.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- [Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway on migration ability of HaCaT cells and full-thickness skin defects in mice].Zhonghua shao shang yu chuang mian xiu fu za zhi · 2023Article
- Characterisation of physicochemical parameters and antibacterial properties of New Caledonian honeys.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Topical effect of benzalkonium bromide on wound healing and potential cellular and molecular mechanisms.International wound journal · 2021Article
- Targeting Antibacterial Effect and Promoting of Skin Wound Healing After Infected with Methicillin-ResistantInternational journal of nanomedicine · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Benzalkonium bromide (BB) has been widely used as a skin antiseptic for wound management. However, BB had proinflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induction effect, making its role in wound healing complex and unclear. A rat full-thickness skin defect wound model was established. The effects of BB, povidone iodine (PVP-I), chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG), and normal saline (NS) on wound healing and infection control were then evaluated based on wound healing rate (WHr) and bacterial killing. The wound tissues were sectioned for histopathological evaluation and nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression determination. The ROS production, Nrf2 activation, and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression of the HaCat cells and the cytotoxicity treated with BB were further explored. Compared with NS, PVP-I, and CHG, BB showed the best wound infection control efficiency while delayed wound healing with the WHr of 91.42 ± 5.12% at day 20. The wound tissue of the BB group showed many inflammatory cells but few granulation tissue and capillaries and no obvious collagen deposition, resulting in the lowest histopathological scores of 4.17 ± 0.75 for BB group. BB showed higher cytotoxicity on HaCat cells with the lowest IC25, IC50, and IC75 of 1.90, 4.16, and 9.09 g/mL compared with PVP-I and CHG. TUNEL staining evaluated the cytotoxicity of BB on wound tissue, which indicates the high apoptosis index BB group (5.05 ± 1.77). Compared with PVP-I and CHG, BB induced much more cell apoptosis. The results of flow cytometry and fluorescence staining showed that PVP-I, CHG, and BB induced ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner and cells treated with BB had the highest ROS production at the same inhibition concentration. The cells and the wound tissues treated with BB showed highest Nrf2 activation and HO-1 expression than PVP-I and CHG. BB was highly efficient in wound infection control while delayed wound healing. The prolonged and strengthened inflammation and the raised ROS production originating from BB administration may contribute to delayed wound healing.
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