Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33512679›Full record

ReviewTargeted oncology2021

Vaccine Therapies for Cancer: Then and Now.

Michael A Morse, William R Gwin, Duane A Mitchell

Open access · hybridAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Targeted oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 121 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
121citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

121 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
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  8. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Review
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  14. Harnessing Nanocarriers to Advance Vaccine Development.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026
    Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. The Immune Microenvironment in Liver Cancer: From Analysis to Targeting.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Review

61 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Michael A MorseDepartments of Medicine and Surgery and the Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, MSRB Room 401, Research Drive, Box 3233, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. morse004@mc.duke.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-5725-4533
William R GwinDepartment of Medicine, Cancer Vaccine Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6314-0965
Duane A MitchellLillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, UF Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Duke University · USUniversity of Florida · USUniversity of Washington · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are strong biologic and preclinical rationales for the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines; however, the clinical translation of this treatment strategy has been challenging. It is now understood that many previous clinical trials of cancer vaccines used target antigens or vaccine designs that inherently lacked sufficient immunogenicity to induce clinical responses. Despite the historical track record, breakthrough advances in cancer immunobiology and vaccine technologies have supported continued interest in therapeutic cancer vaccinations, with the hope that next-generation vaccine strategies will enable patients with cancer to develop long-lasting anti-tumor immunity. There has been substantial progress identifying antigens and vaccine vectors that lead to strong and broad T cell responses, tailoring vaccine designs to achieve optimal antigen presentation, and finding combination partners employing complementary mechanisms of action (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) to overcome the diverse methods cancer cells use to evade and suppress the immune system. Results from randomized, phase 3 studies testing therapeutic cancer vaccines based on these advances are eagerly awaited. Here, we summarize the successes and failures in the clinical development of cancer vaccines, address how this historical experience and advances in science and technology have shaped efforts to improve vaccines, and offer a clinical perspective on the future role of vaccine therapies for cancer.

Indexed as

Cancer VaccinesHumansNeoplasmsCancer Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID33512679
PMCPMC7845582
OpenAlexW3124855491

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.