Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33512538›Full record

ArticlePediatric radiology2021

Water-fat magnetic resonance imaging of adipose tissue compartments in the normal third trimester fetus.

Stephanie A Giza, Tianna L Koreman, Simran Sethi, Michael R Miller, Debbie A Penava, Genevieve D Eastabrook, Charles A McKenzie, Barbra de Vrijer

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Pediatric radiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
0.9field-weighted citation impact, top 24% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Beyond Deterministic Fetal Programming: Intrauterine Exposures and the Multifactorial Origins of Adiposity.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Stephanie A GizaDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Tianna L KoremanSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Simran SethiDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Michael R MillerDivision of Maternal, Fetal and Newborn Health, Children's Health Research Institute, London Health Sciences Centre, Victoria Hospital, 800 Commissioner's Road E, Room B2-412, London, ON, N6A 3B4, Canada.
Debbie A PenavaSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Genevieve D EastabrookSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Charles A McKenzieDepartment of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
Barbra de VrijerSchulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada. barbra.devrijer@lhsc.on.ca.
Western University · CAChildren’s Health Research Institute · CALondon Health Sciences Centre · CAVictoria Hospital · CA

Funding

Children's Health Research Institute (CHRI) / Children's Health Foundation (CHF) R3948A12CIHR/IHDCYH/SOGC MFM Team grant MFM-146443London Health Sciences Centre (CA) R3948A13UWO INTERNAL SCHULICH SCHOOL-INTERNAL FUNDING - DEAN'S SUPPORT R3948A11
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAssessment of fetal adipose tissue gives information about the future metabolic health of an individual, with evidence that the development of this tissue has regional heterogeneity.

objectiveTo assess differences in the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) between fetal adipose tissue compartments in the third trimester using water-fat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND

methodsWater-fat MRI was performed in a 1.5-T scanner. Fetal adipose tissue was segmented into cheeks, thorax, abdomen, upper arms, forearms, thighs and lower legs. PDFF and R2* values were measured in each compartment.

resultsTwenty-eight women with singleton pregnancies were imaged between 28 and 38 weeks of gestation. At 30 weeks' gestation (n=22), the PDFF was statistically different between the compartments (P<0.0001), with the highest PDFF in cheeks, followed by upper arms, thorax, thighs, forearms, lower legs and abdomen. There were no statistical differences in the rate of PDFF change with gestational age between the white adipose tissue compartments (P=0.97). Perirenal brown adipose tissue had a different PDFF and R2* compared to white adipose tissue, while the rate of R2* change did not significantly change with gestational age between white adipose tissue compartments (P=0.96).

conclusionFetal adipose tissue accumulates lipids at a similar rate in all white adipose tissue compartments. PDFF variances between the compartments suggest that accumulation begins at different gestational ages, starting with cheeks, followed by extremities, trunk and abdomen. Additionally, MRI was able to detect differences in the PDFF between fetal brown adipose tissue and white adipose tissue.

Indexed as

Magnetic Resonance ImagingWaterAdipose TissueAdipose Tissue, BrownFemaleFetusHumansLiverPregnancyPregnancy Trimester, ThirdWaterAdipose tissueChemical-shift encoded magnetic resonance imagingFetusMagnetic resonance imagingPregnancyProton density fat fraction

Identifiers

PMID33512538
OpenAlexW3125096742

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.