ArticleBlood2021
ROR1 targeting with the antibody-drug conjugate VLS-101 is effective in Richter syndrome patient-derived xenograft mouse models.
Article in Blood, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03833180 (A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation and Cohort-Expansion Study of VLS-101 in Subjects With Hematological Malignancies), which is not on this map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase 1 Dose-Escalation and Cohort-Expansion Study of VLS-101 in Subjects With Hematological Malignancies (waveLINE-001)
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-Analysis of Survival Effects of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase-like Orphan Receptor 1 (ROR1).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Pooled it
- Phase 2 Study of Zilovertamab Vedotin in Participants with Metastatic Solid Tumors.Cancer research communications · 2025Trial
- Neoantigenic receptor ROR1 promotes cell growth through diverse and complementary mechanisms.Leukemia · 2026Article
- SLV-404, an anti-RYK antibody-drug conjugate, is effective in Richter transformation patient-derived xenografts.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Black Sheep: Pseudokinases Bucking the Trend to Reveal Non-Catalytic Kinase Functions.IUBMB life · 2026Review
- Generation of DAR1 Glycosite-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Using DisacLink Technology.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026Article
- Quantum Reactivity-Guided Optimization of ATP-Competitive Ligands through Multiscale Simulation.ACS physical chemistry Au · 2026Article
- Preclinical evaluation of the ROR1-targeting antibody-drug conjugates zilovertamab vedotin and VLS-211 against B-cell ALL patient-derived xenografts.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Targeting ROR1 with humanized antibody drug conjugates and cytokine fusion proteins for cancer therapy.iScience · 2026Article
- Universal Antibody-Engineered Lipid Nanoparticles Potentiate Chemo-Immunotherapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Reprogramming Tumor Cell Metabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Obstacles and improvement strategies for CAR-T cell therapy in solid tumors.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Treatment of Richter Transformation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Hematological Malignancies: Current Landscape and Future Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- High ROR1 Expression Is Associated With Poor Differentiation and Perineural Invasion in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Experimental dermatology · 2025Article
- Immuno-OncologyThe adverse event of interstitial lung disease in patients treated with antibody-drug conjugates.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Complementary approaches define the metabolic features that accompany Richter syndrome transformation.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- ROR1 facilitates glioblastoma growth via stabilizing GRB2 to promote c-Fos expression in glioma stem cells.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- ROR1 CAR-T cells and ferroptosis inducers orchestrate tumor ferroptosis via PC-PUFA2.Biomarker research · 2025Article
- A question of TiME: how microenvironmental interactions shape response to immunotherapy in CLL and Richter Transformation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- ROR1 expression in ovarian cancer patients and its association with chemotherapy response and prognosis.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2025Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Richter syndrome (RS) represents the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), typically to an aggressive lymphoma. Treatment options for RS are limited and the disease is often fatal. Receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 1 (ROR1) is expressed on CLL cells and other cancers but not on healthy adult tissues, making it an attractive, tumor-specific therapeutic target. VLS-101 is being developed as an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for therapy of ROR1-expressing (ROR1+) cancers. VLS-101 comprises UC-961 (a humanized immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody that binds an extracellular epitope of human ROR1), a maleimidocaproyl-valine-citrulline-para-aminobenzoate linker, and the antimicrotubule cytotoxin monomethyl auristatin E (MMAE). VLS-101 binding to ROR1 results in rapid cellular internalization and delivery of MMAE to induce tumor cell death. We studied 4 RS patient-derived xenografts (RS-PDXs) with varying levels of ROR1 expression (11%, 32%, 85%, and 99% of cells). VLS-101 showed no efficacy in the lowest-expressing RS-PDX but induced complete remissions in those with higher levels of ROR1 expression. Responses were maintained during the posttherapy period, particularly after higher VLS-101 doses. In systemic ROR1+ RS-PDXs, VLS-101 dramatically decreased tumor burden in all RS-colonized tissues and significantly prolonged survival. Animals showed no adverse effects or weight loss. Our results confirm ROR1 as a target in RS and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of using an ADC directed toward ROR1 for the treatment of hematological cancers. A phase 1 clinical trial of VLS-101 (NCT03833180) is ongoing in patients with RS and other hematological malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.