Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33510896›Full record

ReviewAcute medicine & surgery

Thorough overview of ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein as tandem biomarkers recently cleared by US Food and Drug Administration for the evaluation of intracranial injuries among patients with traumatic brain injury.

Kevin K W Wang, Firas H Kobeissy, Zaynab Shakkour, J Adrian Tyndall

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Acute medicine & surgery. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Trial
  6. Impact of routine use of the GFAP and UCH-L1 TBI blood test for management of mild TBI on patient care in a European emergency department.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026
    Article
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  10. Defining Acute Stress Reactions to support large scale combat operations.Military psychology : the official journal of the Division of Military Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kevin K W WangProgram for Neurotrauma Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research Departments of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Chemistry University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9343-6473
Firas H KobeissyDepartment of Emergency Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5008-6944
Zaynab ShakkourDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Faculty of Medicine American University of Beirut Beirut Lebanon.
J Adrian TyndallDepartment of Emergency Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA.

Funding

Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in Traumatic Brain InjuryU01NS086090 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI DIAZ-ARRASTIA, RAMON, GIACINO, JOSEPH THOMAS · 2013 to 2017
$19.1M
NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS086090
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity affecting all ages. It remains to be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge, in which, to date, there is no Food and Drug Administration-approved drug for treating patients suffering from TBI. The heterogeneity of the disease and the associated complex pathophysiology make it difficult to assess the level of the trauma and to predict the clinical outcome. Current injury severity assessment relies primarily on the Glasgow Coma Scale score or through neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans. Nevertheless, such approaches have certain limitations when it comes to accuracy and cost efficiency, as well as exposing patients to unnecessary radiation. Consequently, extensive research work has been carried out to improve the diagnostic accuracy of TBI, especially in mild injuries, because they are often difficult to diagnose. The need for accurate and objective diagnostic measures led to the discovery of biomarkers significantly associated with TBI. Among the most well-characterized biomarkers are ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 and glial fibrillary acidic protein. The current review presents an overview regarding the structure and function of these distinctive protein biomarkers, along with their clinical significance that led to their approval by the US Food and Drug Administration to evaluate mild TBI in patients.

Indexed as

Biomarkerbrain injurydiagnostic markerGFAPUCH‐L1

Identifiers

PMID33510896
PMCPMC7814989

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.