ArticleNature immunology2021
IRGM1 links mitochondrial quality control to autoimmunity.
Article in Nature immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Stress and circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA: A systematic review of human studies, physiological considerations, and technical recommendations.Mitochondrion · 2021Pooled it
- Autophagy modulation in cancer.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- VPS37A loss creates CASP8-dependent vulnerability via the MAP3K7-NF-κB-CFLAR axis.Cancer gene therapy · 2026Article
- Article
- Mitophagy mitigates mitochondrial DNA-induced activation of cGAS-STING in autoimmune thyroiditis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- HnRNPA2B1 tunes antimycobacterial immune responses in macrophages through alternative splicing ofInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Mitochondrial DNA release and inflammation in mitochondrial disease pathogenesis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Review
- Time-Controlled Refrigerated Stem Cell Therapy Mitigates Scleroderma Fibrosis via Modulation of Mitochondrial Autophagy and Gut Metabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Role of mitochondrial translation in modulating inflammatory disease outcome: Current knowledge and future perspectives.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Review
- Neutrophil Irgm1 ameliorates sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction by promoting Alox15 degradation.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Mitophagy and Immune Infiltration in Primary Sjögren's Disease: Insights from Bioinformatics Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- METTL14-dependent mbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Irgm1 Restrains CD8European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Irgm1 Improves Postinfarction Cardiac Repair by Promoting Neutrophil Clearance and Efferocytosis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- IRGM1-IRF7 Axis Controls Macrophage Chemotaxis to Orchestrate Skeletal Muscle Regeneration.Inflammation · 2026Article
- STING synergizes with TOX suppressing HO-1 expression to trigger ferroptosis in tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cell and immunotherapy resistance.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Tmem110 regulates the conformation of TRPML1 to maintain endolysosomal homeostasis and prevent mitochondrial DNA leakage and pathological self-DNA processing.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanisms of cGAS-STING Axis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction-Related Diseases in Humans: A Comprehensive Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- Tissue Immunometabolism in Autoimmunity.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Multilayered interplay between the cGAS-STING pathway and autophagy.Autophagy reports · 2026Review
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Mitochondrial abnormalities have been noted in lupus, but the causes and consequences remain obscure. Autophagy-related genes ATG5, ATG7 and IRGM have been previously implicated in autoimmune disease. We reasoned that failure to clear defective mitochondria via mitophagy might be a foundational driver in autoimmunity by licensing mitochondrial DNA-dependent induction of type I interferon. Here, we show that mice lacking the GTPase IRGM1 (IRGM homolog) exhibited a type I interferonopathy with autoimmune features. Irgm1 deletion impaired the execution of mitophagy with cell-specific consequences. In fibroblasts, mitochondrial DNA soiling of the cytosol induced cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent type I interferon, whereas in macrophages, lysosomal Toll-like receptor 7 was activated. In vivo, Irgm1
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.