ArticleNature communications2021
Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch.
Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 249 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gas-propelled microneedles for precision transdermal therapeutics.Bioactive materials · 2027Review
- Bioelectronic Considerations in Biomedical Microneedles.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- A Portable and Dual-Button Microneedle Device Enables Intelligent Multimodal Laser Sensing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Iontophoresis-assisted transdermal drug delivery for the treatment of inflammatory dermatoses: A review.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Highly cited original research in microneedle science from 2015 to 2025 a bibliometric and altmetric analysis.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Fluorous oligoarginines as supra-enhancers for intracellular and transdermal peptide delivery.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Vertical graphene-coated core-shell microneedle as miniatured sensor for in vivo glucose monitoring.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2026Article
- Microscale Architectures for Intelligent Soft Robotics: From Functional Microneedles to Biointegrated Wearable Systems.Nano-micro letters · 2026Review
- Body Biofluids for Minimally-Invasive Diagnostics: Insights, Challenges, Emerging Technologies, and Clinical Potential.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Bacteria microenvironment-responsive missile microneedles modulate immunity and penetrate biofilm for diabetic wound therapy.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Microneedle-Based Biofuel Cell with MXene/CNT Hybrid Bioanode: Fundamental and Biomedical Application.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- pH calibration allows accurate glucose detection in interstitial fluid via reverse iontophoresis.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Recent advances in electric-stimulus assisted microneedle patches for skin disease treatment.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Review
- Engineering microneedles for biosensing and drug delivery.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Self-propelled gas nanomotor-integrated microneedles for melanoma therapy: Dual-action in situ eradication and metastatic suppression.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- A closed-loop bioelectronic patch for intelligent blood pressure management.Science advances · 2025Article
- Neurosteroids Progesterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone: Molecular Mechanisms of Action in Neuroprotection and Neuroinflammation.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- An autonomous fabric electrochemical biosensor for efficient health monitoring.National science review · 2025Article
- Recent advances and perspectives of MicroNeedles for biomedical applications.Biophysical reviews · 2025Review
- Electrical Microneedles for Wound Treatment.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A microneedle array is an attractive option for a minimally invasive means to break through the skin barrier for efficient transdermal drug delivery. Here, we report the applications of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) containing interconnected micropores for improving iontophoresis, which is a technique of enhancing transdermal molecular transport by a direct current through the skin. The PMN modified with a charged hydrogel brings three innovative advantages in iontophoresis at once: (1) lowering the transdermal resistance by low-invasive puncture of the highly resistive stratum corneum, (2) transporting of larger molecules through the interconnected micropores, and (3) generating electroosmotic flow (EOF). In particular, the PMN-generated EOF greatly enhances the transdermal molecular penetration or extraction, similarly to the flow induced by external pressure. The enhanced efficiencies of the EOF-assisted delivery of a model drug (dextran) and of the extraction of glucose are demonstrated using a pig skin sample. Furthermore, the powering of the PMN-based transdermal EOF system by a built-in enzymatic biobattery (fructose / O
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.